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Defensive symbiosis against giant viruses in amoebae

Protists are important regulators of microbial communities and key components in food webs with impact on nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning. In turn, their activity is shaped by diverse intracellular parasites, including bacterial symbionts and viruses. Yet, bacteria–virus interactions with...

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Autores principales: Arthofer, Patrick, Delafont, Vincent, Willemsen, Anouk, Panhölzl, Florian, Horn, Matthias
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9457554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36037367
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2205856119
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author Arthofer, Patrick
Delafont, Vincent
Willemsen, Anouk
Panhölzl, Florian
Horn, Matthias
author_facet Arthofer, Patrick
Delafont, Vincent
Willemsen, Anouk
Panhölzl, Florian
Horn, Matthias
author_sort Arthofer, Patrick
collection PubMed
description Protists are important regulators of microbial communities and key components in food webs with impact on nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning. In turn, their activity is shaped by diverse intracellular parasites, including bacterial symbionts and viruses. Yet, bacteria–virus interactions within protists are poorly understood. Here, we studied the role of bacterial symbionts of free-living amoebae in the establishment of infections with nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (Nucleocytoviricota). To investigate these interactions in a system that would also be relevant in nature, we first isolated and characterized a giant virus (Viennavirus, family Marseilleviridae) and a sympatric potential Acanthamoeba host infected with bacterial symbionts. Subsequently, coinfection experiments were carried out, using the fresh environmental isolates as well as additional amoeba laboratory strains. Employing fluorescence in situ hybridization and qPCR, we show that the bacterial symbiont, identified as Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, represses the replication of the sympatric Viennavirus in both recent environmental isolates as well as Acanthamoeba laboratory strains. In the presence of the symbiont, virions are still taken up, but viral factory maturation is inhibited, leading to survival of the amoeba host. The symbiont also suppressed the replication of the more complex Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus and Tupanvirus deep ocean (Mimiviridae). Our work provides an example of an intracellular bacterial symbiont protecting a protist host against virus infections. The impact of virus–symbiont interactions on microbial population dynamics and eventually ecosystem processes requires further attention.
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spelling pubmed-94575542022-09-09 Defensive symbiosis against giant viruses in amoebae Arthofer, Patrick Delafont, Vincent Willemsen, Anouk Panhölzl, Florian Horn, Matthias Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences Protists are important regulators of microbial communities and key components in food webs with impact on nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning. In turn, their activity is shaped by diverse intracellular parasites, including bacterial symbionts and viruses. Yet, bacteria–virus interactions within protists are poorly understood. Here, we studied the role of bacterial symbionts of free-living amoebae in the establishment of infections with nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (Nucleocytoviricota). To investigate these interactions in a system that would also be relevant in nature, we first isolated and characterized a giant virus (Viennavirus, family Marseilleviridae) and a sympatric potential Acanthamoeba host infected with bacterial symbionts. Subsequently, coinfection experiments were carried out, using the fresh environmental isolates as well as additional amoeba laboratory strains. Employing fluorescence in situ hybridization and qPCR, we show that the bacterial symbiont, identified as Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, represses the replication of the sympatric Viennavirus in both recent environmental isolates as well as Acanthamoeba laboratory strains. In the presence of the symbiont, virions are still taken up, but viral factory maturation is inhibited, leading to survival of the amoeba host. The symbiont also suppressed the replication of the more complex Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus and Tupanvirus deep ocean (Mimiviridae). Our work provides an example of an intracellular bacterial symbiont protecting a protist host against virus infections. The impact of virus–symbiont interactions on microbial population dynamics and eventually ecosystem processes requires further attention. National Academy of Sciences 2022-08-29 2022-09-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9457554/ /pubmed/36037367 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2205856119 Text en Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Biological Sciences
Arthofer, Patrick
Delafont, Vincent
Willemsen, Anouk
Panhölzl, Florian
Horn, Matthias
Defensive symbiosis against giant viruses in amoebae
title Defensive symbiosis against giant viruses in amoebae
title_full Defensive symbiosis against giant viruses in amoebae
title_fullStr Defensive symbiosis against giant viruses in amoebae
title_full_unstemmed Defensive symbiosis against giant viruses in amoebae
title_short Defensive symbiosis against giant viruses in amoebae
title_sort defensive symbiosis against giant viruses in amoebae
topic Biological Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9457554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36037367
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2205856119
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