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Effect of ECAP Route Type on the Microstructural Evolution, Crystallographic Texture, Electrochemical Behavior and Mechanical Properties of ZK30 Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy

In this study, billets of the ZK30 (Mg-3Zn-0.6 Zr-0.4 Mn, wt%) alloy were Equal Channel Angle Pressing (ECAP) processed for up to four passes of routes Bc (with rotating the sample 90° in the same direction between the subsequent passes), A (without sample rotation), and C (with sample rotating 180°...

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Autores principales: Alateyah, Abdulrahman I., Alawad, Majed O., Aljohani, Talal A., El-Garaihy, Waleed H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9457749/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36079470
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176088
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author Alateyah, Abdulrahman I.
Alawad, Majed O.
Aljohani, Talal A.
El-Garaihy, Waleed H.
author_facet Alateyah, Abdulrahman I.
Alawad, Majed O.
Aljohani, Talal A.
El-Garaihy, Waleed H.
author_sort Alateyah, Abdulrahman I.
collection PubMed
description In this study, billets of the ZK30 (Mg-3Zn-0.6 Zr-0.4 Mn, wt%) alloy were Equal Channel Angle Pressing (ECAP) processed for up to four passes of routes Bc (with rotating the sample 90° in the same direction between the subsequent passes), A (without sample rotation), and C (with sample rotating 180°) after each pass at a temperature of 250 °C and a ram speed of 10 mm/min using a die with an internal channel angle of 90°. The microstructural evolution and the crystallographic texture were investigated using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with the Electron Back-Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) technique. Corrosion measurements were conducted in ringer lactate which is a simulated body fluid. The Vickers microhardness test and tensile tests were conducted for the alloy before and after processing. The as-annealed billets exhibited a bimodal structure as fine grains (more than 3.39 µm) coexisted with almost-equiaxed coarse grains (less than 76.73 µm); the average grain size was 26.69 µm. Further processing until four passes resulted in enhanced grain refinement and full Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX). ECAP processing through 4-Bc, 4-A, and 4-C exhibited significant reductions in grain size until they reached 1.94 µm, 2.89 µm, and 2.25 µm, respectively. Four-pass processing also resulted in the transformation of low-angle grain boundaries into high-angle grain boundaries. The previous conclusion was drawn from observing the simultaneous decrease in the fraction of low-angle grain boundaries and an increase in the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries. The pole figures revealed that 4-Bc, 4-A, and 4-C reduced the maximum texture intensity of the as-annealed billets. The potentiodynamic polarization findings revealed that route Bc is the most effective route in improving the corrosion rate, whereas the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that routes A and Bc improved the corrosion resistance with nearly identical values. Finally, 4-Bc resulted in the highest increase in Vickers hardness, yield stress, and ultimate tensile strength with values of 80.8%, 19.3%, and 44.5%, alongside a 31% improvement in ductility, all compared to the AA condition.
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spelling pubmed-94577492022-09-09 Effect of ECAP Route Type on the Microstructural Evolution, Crystallographic Texture, Electrochemical Behavior and Mechanical Properties of ZK30 Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy Alateyah, Abdulrahman I. Alawad, Majed O. Aljohani, Talal A. El-Garaihy, Waleed H. Materials (Basel) Article In this study, billets of the ZK30 (Mg-3Zn-0.6 Zr-0.4 Mn, wt%) alloy were Equal Channel Angle Pressing (ECAP) processed for up to four passes of routes Bc (with rotating the sample 90° in the same direction between the subsequent passes), A (without sample rotation), and C (with sample rotating 180°) after each pass at a temperature of 250 °C and a ram speed of 10 mm/min using a die with an internal channel angle of 90°. The microstructural evolution and the crystallographic texture were investigated using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with the Electron Back-Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) technique. Corrosion measurements were conducted in ringer lactate which is a simulated body fluid. The Vickers microhardness test and tensile tests were conducted for the alloy before and after processing. The as-annealed billets exhibited a bimodal structure as fine grains (more than 3.39 µm) coexisted with almost-equiaxed coarse grains (less than 76.73 µm); the average grain size was 26.69 µm. Further processing until four passes resulted in enhanced grain refinement and full Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX). ECAP processing through 4-Bc, 4-A, and 4-C exhibited significant reductions in grain size until they reached 1.94 µm, 2.89 µm, and 2.25 µm, respectively. Four-pass processing also resulted in the transformation of low-angle grain boundaries into high-angle grain boundaries. The previous conclusion was drawn from observing the simultaneous decrease in the fraction of low-angle grain boundaries and an increase in the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries. The pole figures revealed that 4-Bc, 4-A, and 4-C reduced the maximum texture intensity of the as-annealed billets. The potentiodynamic polarization findings revealed that route Bc is the most effective route in improving the corrosion rate, whereas the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that routes A and Bc improved the corrosion resistance with nearly identical values. Finally, 4-Bc resulted in the highest increase in Vickers hardness, yield stress, and ultimate tensile strength with values of 80.8%, 19.3%, and 44.5%, alongside a 31% improvement in ductility, all compared to the AA condition. MDPI 2022-09-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9457749/ /pubmed/36079470 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176088 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Alateyah, Abdulrahman I.
Alawad, Majed O.
Aljohani, Talal A.
El-Garaihy, Waleed H.
Effect of ECAP Route Type on the Microstructural Evolution, Crystallographic Texture, Electrochemical Behavior and Mechanical Properties of ZK30 Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy
title Effect of ECAP Route Type on the Microstructural Evolution, Crystallographic Texture, Electrochemical Behavior and Mechanical Properties of ZK30 Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy
title_full Effect of ECAP Route Type on the Microstructural Evolution, Crystallographic Texture, Electrochemical Behavior and Mechanical Properties of ZK30 Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy
title_fullStr Effect of ECAP Route Type on the Microstructural Evolution, Crystallographic Texture, Electrochemical Behavior and Mechanical Properties of ZK30 Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy
title_full_unstemmed Effect of ECAP Route Type on the Microstructural Evolution, Crystallographic Texture, Electrochemical Behavior and Mechanical Properties of ZK30 Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy
title_short Effect of ECAP Route Type on the Microstructural Evolution, Crystallographic Texture, Electrochemical Behavior and Mechanical Properties of ZK30 Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy
title_sort effect of ecap route type on the microstructural evolution, crystallographic texture, electrochemical behavior and mechanical properties of zk30 biodegradable magnesium alloy
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9457749/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36079470
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176088
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