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Cold storage effects on lethal and sublethal responses of Amphibalanus amphitrite Nauplii
Bioassays are extensively used in ecotoxicology and there is a constant need for even more sensitive, reliable and easy to rear and obtain model organisms. Larvae of the crustacean Amphibalanus amphitrite are a good ecotoxicological model, for their high sensitivity to a wide range of toxicants and...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9458687/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35838933 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02571-1 |
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author | Piazza, Veronica Gambardella, Chiara Costa, Elisa Miroglio, Roberta Faimali, Marco Garaventa, Francesca |
author_facet | Piazza, Veronica Gambardella, Chiara Costa, Elisa Miroglio, Roberta Faimali, Marco Garaventa, Francesca |
author_sort | Piazza, Veronica |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bioassays are extensively used in ecotoxicology and there is a constant need for even more sensitive, reliable and easy to rear and obtain model organisms. Larvae of the crustacean Amphibalanus amphitrite are a good ecotoxicological model, for their high sensitivity to a wide range of toxicants and emerging contaminants. A standardized protocol for this toxicity bioassay has been recently proposed. Nevertheless, a limit of this model organism is the lack of resting stages and the need to use larvae immediately after their release from adults, thus increasing laboratory efforts related to the maintenance of adults. The aim of this work is to verify if short-term cold storage of A. amphitrite larvae prior to use in ecotoxicological tests may affect the ecotoxicological responses of these organisms. Three end-points (mortality, immobilization and swimming speed alteration) were measured on nauplii after storing them at 4 ± 1 °C for different times (24, 72 and 120 h) before bioassay set-up. Bioassays were set up using: (i) clean filtered natural sea water (0.22 µm FNSW), (ii) a reference toxicant (Cadmium Nitrate) and (iii) an environmental matrix (sediment elutriate). Results show that mortality, differently from the other two endpoints, was not affected by cold-storage. Even after 5 days of larvae storage at 4 ± 1 °C before bioassay set up, mortality data were comparable to those obtained for non-cold-stored organisms. Moreover, larval sensitivity to the reference toxicant and sediment elutriate did not change. Regarding the other two end points, low cadmium concentrations significantly changed immobility and swimming activity in cold-stored nauplii compared to larvae used immediately after larval release. In conclusion, short-term cold storage of A. amphitrite nauplii before bioassay set up is an appropriate procedure in ecotoxicological testing if mortality is the endpoint to be considered for final evaluation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9458687 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94586872022-09-10 Cold storage effects on lethal and sublethal responses of Amphibalanus amphitrite Nauplii Piazza, Veronica Gambardella, Chiara Costa, Elisa Miroglio, Roberta Faimali, Marco Garaventa, Francesca Ecotoxicology Article Bioassays are extensively used in ecotoxicology and there is a constant need for even more sensitive, reliable and easy to rear and obtain model organisms. Larvae of the crustacean Amphibalanus amphitrite are a good ecotoxicological model, for their high sensitivity to a wide range of toxicants and emerging contaminants. A standardized protocol for this toxicity bioassay has been recently proposed. Nevertheless, a limit of this model organism is the lack of resting stages and the need to use larvae immediately after their release from adults, thus increasing laboratory efforts related to the maintenance of adults. The aim of this work is to verify if short-term cold storage of A. amphitrite larvae prior to use in ecotoxicological tests may affect the ecotoxicological responses of these organisms. Three end-points (mortality, immobilization and swimming speed alteration) were measured on nauplii after storing them at 4 ± 1 °C for different times (24, 72 and 120 h) before bioassay set-up. Bioassays were set up using: (i) clean filtered natural sea water (0.22 µm FNSW), (ii) a reference toxicant (Cadmium Nitrate) and (iii) an environmental matrix (sediment elutriate). Results show that mortality, differently from the other two endpoints, was not affected by cold-storage. Even after 5 days of larvae storage at 4 ± 1 °C before bioassay set up, mortality data were comparable to those obtained for non-cold-stored organisms. Moreover, larval sensitivity to the reference toxicant and sediment elutriate did not change. Regarding the other two end points, low cadmium concentrations significantly changed immobility and swimming activity in cold-stored nauplii compared to larvae used immediately after larval release. In conclusion, short-term cold storage of A. amphitrite nauplii before bioassay set up is an appropriate procedure in ecotoxicological testing if mortality is the endpoint to be considered for final evaluation. Springer US 2022-07-15 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9458687/ /pubmed/35838933 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02571-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Piazza, Veronica Gambardella, Chiara Costa, Elisa Miroglio, Roberta Faimali, Marco Garaventa, Francesca Cold storage effects on lethal and sublethal responses of Amphibalanus amphitrite Nauplii |
title | Cold storage effects on lethal and sublethal responses of Amphibalanus amphitrite Nauplii |
title_full | Cold storage effects on lethal and sublethal responses of Amphibalanus amphitrite Nauplii |
title_fullStr | Cold storage effects on lethal and sublethal responses of Amphibalanus amphitrite Nauplii |
title_full_unstemmed | Cold storage effects on lethal and sublethal responses of Amphibalanus amphitrite Nauplii |
title_short | Cold storage effects on lethal and sublethal responses of Amphibalanus amphitrite Nauplii |
title_sort | cold storage effects on lethal and sublethal responses of amphibalanus amphitrite nauplii |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9458687/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35838933 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02571-1 |
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