Cargando…
Bioengineering the human spinal cord
Three dimensional, self-assembled organoids that recapitulate key developmental and organizational events during embryogenesis have proven transformative for the study of human central nervous system (CNS) development, evolution, and disease pathology. Brain organoids have predominated the field, bu...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9458954/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36092702 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.942742 |
_version_ | 1784786393552125952 |
---|---|
author | Iyer, Nisha R. Ashton, Randolph S. |
author_facet | Iyer, Nisha R. Ashton, Randolph S. |
author_sort | Iyer, Nisha R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Three dimensional, self-assembled organoids that recapitulate key developmental and organizational events during embryogenesis have proven transformative for the study of human central nervous system (CNS) development, evolution, and disease pathology. Brain organoids have predominated the field, but human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived models of the spinal cord are on the rise. This has required piecing together the complex interactions between rostrocaudal patterning, which specifies axial diversity, and dorsoventral patterning, which establishes locomotor and somatosensory phenotypes. Here, we review how recent insights into neurodevelopmental biology have driven advancements in spinal organoid research, generating experimental models that have the potential to deepen our understanding of neural circuit development, central pattern generation (CPG), and neurodegenerative disease along the body axis. In addition, we discuss the application of bioengineering strategies to drive spinal tissue morphogenesis in vitro, current limitations, and future perspectives on these emerging model systems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9458954 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94589542022-09-10 Bioengineering the human spinal cord Iyer, Nisha R. Ashton, Randolph S. Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Three dimensional, self-assembled organoids that recapitulate key developmental and organizational events during embryogenesis have proven transformative for the study of human central nervous system (CNS) development, evolution, and disease pathology. Brain organoids have predominated the field, but human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived models of the spinal cord are on the rise. This has required piecing together the complex interactions between rostrocaudal patterning, which specifies axial diversity, and dorsoventral patterning, which establishes locomotor and somatosensory phenotypes. Here, we review how recent insights into neurodevelopmental biology have driven advancements in spinal organoid research, generating experimental models that have the potential to deepen our understanding of neural circuit development, central pattern generation (CPG), and neurodegenerative disease along the body axis. In addition, we discuss the application of bioengineering strategies to drive spinal tissue morphogenesis in vitro, current limitations, and future perspectives on these emerging model systems. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9458954/ /pubmed/36092702 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.942742 Text en Copyright © 2022 Iyer and Ashton. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Iyer, Nisha R. Ashton, Randolph S. Bioengineering the human spinal cord |
title | Bioengineering the human spinal cord |
title_full | Bioengineering the human spinal cord |
title_fullStr | Bioengineering the human spinal cord |
title_full_unstemmed | Bioengineering the human spinal cord |
title_short | Bioengineering the human spinal cord |
title_sort | bioengineering the human spinal cord |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9458954/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36092702 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.942742 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT iyernishar bioengineeringthehumanspinalcord AT ashtonrandolphs bioengineeringthehumanspinalcord |