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State-of-the-Art and Opportunities for Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Native Mexican Plants

Native Mexican plants are a wide source of bioactive compounds such as pentacyclic triterpenes. Pentacyclic triterpenes biosynthesized through the mevalonate (MVA) and the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) metabolic pathways are highlighted by their diverse biological activity. Compounds belon...

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Autores principales: Alfaro-Almaguer, Juan Antonio, Mejía-Manzano, Luis Alberto, González-Valdez, José
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9459852/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36079566
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11172184
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author Alfaro-Almaguer, Juan Antonio
Mejía-Manzano, Luis Alberto
González-Valdez, José
author_facet Alfaro-Almaguer, Juan Antonio
Mejía-Manzano, Luis Alberto
González-Valdez, José
author_sort Alfaro-Almaguer, Juan Antonio
collection PubMed
description Native Mexican plants are a wide source of bioactive compounds such as pentacyclic triterpenes. Pentacyclic triterpenes biosynthesized through the mevalonate (MVA) and the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) metabolic pathways are highlighted by their diverse biological activity. Compounds belonging to the oleanane, ursane, and lupane groups have been identified in about 33 Mexican plants, located geographically in the southwest of Mexico. The works addressing these findings have reported 45 compounds that mainly show antimicrobial activity, followed by anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, anxiolytic, hypoglycemic, and growth-stimulating or allelopathic activities. Extraction by maceration and Soxhlet with organic solvents and consecutive chromatography of silica gel have been used for their whole or partial purification. Nanoparticles and nanoemulsions are the vehicles used in Mexican formulations for drug delivery of the pentacyclic triterpenes until now. Sustainable extraction, formulation, regulation, isolation, characterization, and bioassay facilities are areas of opportunity in pentacyclic triterpenes research in Mexico while the presence of plant and human resources and traditional knowledge are strengths. The present review discusses the generalities of the pentacyclic triterpene (definition, biogenic classification, and biosynthesis), a summary of the last two decades of research on the compounds identified and their evaluated bioactivity, the generalities about the extraction and purification methods used, drug delivery aspects, and a critical analysis of the advantages and limitations of research carried out in this way.
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spelling pubmed-94598522022-09-10 State-of-the-Art and Opportunities for Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Native Mexican Plants Alfaro-Almaguer, Juan Antonio Mejía-Manzano, Luis Alberto González-Valdez, José Plants (Basel) Review Native Mexican plants are a wide source of bioactive compounds such as pentacyclic triterpenes. Pentacyclic triterpenes biosynthesized through the mevalonate (MVA) and the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) metabolic pathways are highlighted by their diverse biological activity. Compounds belonging to the oleanane, ursane, and lupane groups have been identified in about 33 Mexican plants, located geographically in the southwest of Mexico. The works addressing these findings have reported 45 compounds that mainly show antimicrobial activity, followed by anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, anxiolytic, hypoglycemic, and growth-stimulating or allelopathic activities. Extraction by maceration and Soxhlet with organic solvents and consecutive chromatography of silica gel have been used for their whole or partial purification. Nanoparticles and nanoemulsions are the vehicles used in Mexican formulations for drug delivery of the pentacyclic triterpenes until now. Sustainable extraction, formulation, regulation, isolation, characterization, and bioassay facilities are areas of opportunity in pentacyclic triterpenes research in Mexico while the presence of plant and human resources and traditional knowledge are strengths. The present review discusses the generalities of the pentacyclic triterpene (definition, biogenic classification, and biosynthesis), a summary of the last two decades of research on the compounds identified and their evaluated bioactivity, the generalities about the extraction and purification methods used, drug delivery aspects, and a critical analysis of the advantages and limitations of research carried out in this way. MDPI 2022-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9459852/ /pubmed/36079566 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11172184 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Alfaro-Almaguer, Juan Antonio
Mejía-Manzano, Luis Alberto
González-Valdez, José
State-of-the-Art and Opportunities for Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Native Mexican Plants
title State-of-the-Art and Opportunities for Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Native Mexican Plants
title_full State-of-the-Art and Opportunities for Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Native Mexican Plants
title_fullStr State-of-the-Art and Opportunities for Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Native Mexican Plants
title_full_unstemmed State-of-the-Art and Opportunities for Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Native Mexican Plants
title_short State-of-the-Art and Opportunities for Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Native Mexican Plants
title_sort state-of-the-art and opportunities for bioactive pentacyclic triterpenes from native mexican plants
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9459852/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36079566
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11172184
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