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Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue

Iodine is a mineral nutrient essential for the regulation of a variety of key physiological functions including metabolism and brain development and function in children and adults. As such, iodine intake and status within populations is an area of concern and research focus. This paper will review...

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Autores principales: Hatch-McChesney, Adrienne, Lieberman, Harris R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9459956/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36079737
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14173474
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author Hatch-McChesney, Adrienne
Lieberman, Harris R.
author_facet Hatch-McChesney, Adrienne
Lieberman, Harris R.
author_sort Hatch-McChesney, Adrienne
collection PubMed
description Iodine is a mineral nutrient essential for the regulation of a variety of key physiological functions including metabolism and brain development and function in children and adults. As such, iodine intake and status within populations is an area of concern and research focus. This paper will review recently published studies that focus on the re-emerging issue of iodine deficiency as a global concern and declining intake among populations in developed countries. Historically, the implementation of salt-iodization programs worldwide has reduced the incidence of iodine deficiency, but 30% of the world’s population is still at risk. Iodine nutrition is a growing issue within industrialized countries including the U.S. as a result of declining iodine intake, in part due to changing dietary patterns and food manufacturing practices. Few countries mandate universal salt iodization policies, and differing agriculture and industry practices and regulations among countries have resulted in inconsistencies in supplementation practices. In the U.S., in spite of salt-iodization policies, mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency is common and appears to be increasing. European countries with the highest incidence of deficiency lack iodization programs. Monitoring the iodine status of at-risk populations and, when appropriate, public health initiatives, appear to be warranted.
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spelling pubmed-94599562022-09-10 Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue Hatch-McChesney, Adrienne Lieberman, Harris R. Nutrients Review Iodine is a mineral nutrient essential for the regulation of a variety of key physiological functions including metabolism and brain development and function in children and adults. As such, iodine intake and status within populations is an area of concern and research focus. This paper will review recently published studies that focus on the re-emerging issue of iodine deficiency as a global concern and declining intake among populations in developed countries. Historically, the implementation of salt-iodization programs worldwide has reduced the incidence of iodine deficiency, but 30% of the world’s population is still at risk. Iodine nutrition is a growing issue within industrialized countries including the U.S. as a result of declining iodine intake, in part due to changing dietary patterns and food manufacturing practices. Few countries mandate universal salt iodization policies, and differing agriculture and industry practices and regulations among countries have resulted in inconsistencies in supplementation practices. In the U.S., in spite of salt-iodization policies, mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency is common and appears to be increasing. European countries with the highest incidence of deficiency lack iodization programs. Monitoring the iodine status of at-risk populations and, when appropriate, public health initiatives, appear to be warranted. MDPI 2022-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9459956/ /pubmed/36079737 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14173474 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hatch-McChesney, Adrienne
Lieberman, Harris R.
Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue
title Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue
title_full Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue
title_fullStr Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue
title_full_unstemmed Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue
title_short Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue
title_sort iodine and iodine deficiency: a comprehensive review of a re-emerging issue
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9459956/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36079737
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14173474
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