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Coherence Function and Adaptive Noise Cancellation Performance of an Acoustic Sensor System for Use in Detecting Coronary Artery Disease
Adaptive noise cancellation is a useful linear technique to attenuate unwanted background noise that cannot be removed using traditional frequency-selective filters. Usually, this is due to the signal and noise co-existing in the same frequency band. This paper tests a weighted least mean squares (W...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9460197/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36081051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176591 |
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author | Fynn, Matthew Nordholm, Sven Rong, Yue |
author_facet | Fynn, Matthew Nordholm, Sven Rong, Yue |
author_sort | Fynn, Matthew |
collection | PubMed |
description | Adaptive noise cancellation is a useful linear technique to attenuate unwanted background noise that cannot be removed using traditional frequency-selective filters. Usually, this is due to the signal and noise co-existing in the same frequency band. This paper tests a weighted least mean squares (WLMS) algorithm on a stethoscope system for use in detecting coronary artery disease in the presence of background noise. Each stethoscope is equipped with two microphones: one used to detect heart signals and one used to detect background noise. The WLMS method was used for four different sources of background noise whilst measuring a heartbeat, including a single tone, multiple tones, hospital/clinic noise, and breathing noise. The magnitude-squared coherence between both microphones was unity for the tone scenarios, resulting in complete attenuation. For the other background noise sources, a less-than-unity magnitude-squared coherence resulted in minor and no attenuation. Thus, the coherence function is a tool that can be used to predict the amount of attenuation achievable by linear adaptive noise-cancellation techniques, such as WLMS, as presented in this article. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9460197 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94601972022-09-10 Coherence Function and Adaptive Noise Cancellation Performance of an Acoustic Sensor System for Use in Detecting Coronary Artery Disease Fynn, Matthew Nordholm, Sven Rong, Yue Sensors (Basel) Article Adaptive noise cancellation is a useful linear technique to attenuate unwanted background noise that cannot be removed using traditional frequency-selective filters. Usually, this is due to the signal and noise co-existing in the same frequency band. This paper tests a weighted least mean squares (WLMS) algorithm on a stethoscope system for use in detecting coronary artery disease in the presence of background noise. Each stethoscope is equipped with two microphones: one used to detect heart signals and one used to detect background noise. The WLMS method was used for four different sources of background noise whilst measuring a heartbeat, including a single tone, multiple tones, hospital/clinic noise, and breathing noise. The magnitude-squared coherence between both microphones was unity for the tone scenarios, resulting in complete attenuation. For the other background noise sources, a less-than-unity magnitude-squared coherence resulted in minor and no attenuation. Thus, the coherence function is a tool that can be used to predict the amount of attenuation achievable by linear adaptive noise-cancellation techniques, such as WLMS, as presented in this article. MDPI 2022-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9460197/ /pubmed/36081051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176591 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Fynn, Matthew Nordholm, Sven Rong, Yue Coherence Function and Adaptive Noise Cancellation Performance of an Acoustic Sensor System for Use in Detecting Coronary Artery Disease |
title | Coherence Function and Adaptive Noise Cancellation Performance of an Acoustic Sensor System for Use in Detecting Coronary Artery Disease |
title_full | Coherence Function and Adaptive Noise Cancellation Performance of an Acoustic Sensor System for Use in Detecting Coronary Artery Disease |
title_fullStr | Coherence Function and Adaptive Noise Cancellation Performance of an Acoustic Sensor System for Use in Detecting Coronary Artery Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Coherence Function and Adaptive Noise Cancellation Performance of an Acoustic Sensor System for Use in Detecting Coronary Artery Disease |
title_short | Coherence Function and Adaptive Noise Cancellation Performance of an Acoustic Sensor System for Use in Detecting Coronary Artery Disease |
title_sort | coherence function and adaptive noise cancellation performance of an acoustic sensor system for use in detecting coronary artery disease |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9460197/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36081051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176591 |
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