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SARS-CoV-2 chronological genomic evolution and epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as affected by vaccination, conflict and socioeconomical disparities: a population-based cohort study

OBJECTIVE: To describe the chronological genomic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on public health in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. METHODS: This study analysed all available SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences, metadata and rates of COVID-19 infection from the MENA region retrieved...

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Autores principales: Obeid, Dalia, Alnemari, Rawan, Al-Qahtani, Ahmed A., Alsanea, Madain, Alahideb, Basma, Alsuwairi, Feda, Abdulkarim, Maha, Alhamlan, Fatimah S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9461085/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36691215
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060775
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author Obeid, Dalia
Alnemari, Rawan
Al-Qahtani, Ahmed A.
Alsanea, Madain
Alahideb, Basma
Alsuwairi, Feda
Abdulkarim, Maha
Alhamlan, Fatimah S.
author_facet Obeid, Dalia
Alnemari, Rawan
Al-Qahtani, Ahmed A.
Alsanea, Madain
Alahideb, Basma
Alsuwairi, Feda
Abdulkarim, Maha
Alhamlan, Fatimah S.
author_sort Obeid, Dalia
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: To describe the chronological genomic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on public health in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. METHODS: This study analysed all available SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences, metadata and rates of COVID-19 infection from the MENA region retrieved from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data database from January 2020 to August 2021. Inferential and ‎descriptive statistics were conducted to describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the MENA region indicated that the variants in January 2020 predominately belonged to the G, GR, GH or O clades and that the most common variant of concern was Alpha. By August 2021, however, the GK clade dominated (57.4% of all sequenced genomes), followed by the G clade (18.7%) and the GR clade (11.6%). In August, the most commonly sequenced variants of concern were Delta in the Middle East region (91%); Alpha (44.3%) followed by Delta (29.7%) and Beta (25.3%) in the North Africa region; and Alpha (88.9%), followed by Delta (10%) in the fragile and conflict-affected regions of MENA. The mean proportion of the variants of concern among the total sequenced samples differed significantly by country (F=1.93, P=0.0112) but not by major MENA region (F=0.14, P=0.27) or by vaccination coverage (F=1.84, P=0.176). CONCLUSION: This analysis of the genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 provides an essential description the virus evolution and its impact on public health safety in the MENA region. As of August 2021, the Delta variant showed a genomic advantage in the MENA region. The MENA region includes several fragile and conflict-affected countries with extremely low levels of vaccination coverage and little genomic surveillance, which may soon exacerbate the existing health crisis within those countries and globally.
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spelling pubmed-94610852022-09-09 SARS-CoV-2 chronological genomic evolution and epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as affected by vaccination, conflict and socioeconomical disparities: a population-based cohort study Obeid, Dalia Alnemari, Rawan Al-Qahtani, Ahmed A. Alsanea, Madain Alahideb, Basma Alsuwairi, Feda Abdulkarim, Maha Alhamlan, Fatimah S. BMJ Open Global Health OBJECTIVE: To describe the chronological genomic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on public health in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. METHODS: This study analysed all available SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences, metadata and rates of COVID-19 infection from the MENA region retrieved from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data database from January 2020 to August 2021. Inferential and ‎descriptive statistics were conducted to describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the MENA region indicated that the variants in January 2020 predominately belonged to the G, GR, GH or O clades and that the most common variant of concern was Alpha. By August 2021, however, the GK clade dominated (57.4% of all sequenced genomes), followed by the G clade (18.7%) and the GR clade (11.6%). In August, the most commonly sequenced variants of concern were Delta in the Middle East region (91%); Alpha (44.3%) followed by Delta (29.7%) and Beta (25.3%) in the North Africa region; and Alpha (88.9%), followed by Delta (10%) in the fragile and conflict-affected regions of MENA. The mean proportion of the variants of concern among the total sequenced samples differed significantly by country (F=1.93, P=0.0112) but not by major MENA region (F=0.14, P=0.27) or by vaccination coverage (F=1.84, P=0.176). CONCLUSION: This analysis of the genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 provides an essential description the virus evolution and its impact on public health safety in the MENA region. As of August 2021, the Delta variant showed a genomic advantage in the MENA region. The MENA region includes several fragile and conflict-affected countries with extremely low levels of vaccination coverage and little genomic surveillance, which may soon exacerbate the existing health crisis within those countries and globally. BMJ Publishing Group 2022-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9461085/ /pubmed/36691215 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060775 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Global Health
Obeid, Dalia
Alnemari, Rawan
Al-Qahtani, Ahmed A.
Alsanea, Madain
Alahideb, Basma
Alsuwairi, Feda
Abdulkarim, Maha
Alhamlan, Fatimah S.
SARS-CoV-2 chronological genomic evolution and epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as affected by vaccination, conflict and socioeconomical disparities: a population-based cohort study
title SARS-CoV-2 chronological genomic evolution and epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as affected by vaccination, conflict and socioeconomical disparities: a population-based cohort study
title_full SARS-CoV-2 chronological genomic evolution and epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as affected by vaccination, conflict and socioeconomical disparities: a population-based cohort study
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 chronological genomic evolution and epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as affected by vaccination, conflict and socioeconomical disparities: a population-based cohort study
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 chronological genomic evolution and epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as affected by vaccination, conflict and socioeconomical disparities: a population-based cohort study
title_short SARS-CoV-2 chronological genomic evolution and epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as affected by vaccination, conflict and socioeconomical disparities: a population-based cohort study
title_sort sars-cov-2 chronological genomic evolution and epidemiology in the middle east and north africa (mena) region as affected by vaccination, conflict and socioeconomical disparities: a population-based cohort study
topic Global Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9461085/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36691215
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060775
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