Transcriptome-wide identification of walnut PP2C family genes in response to external stimulus

Walnut is an important economic tree species while confronting with global environmental stress, resulting in decline in quality and yield. Therefore, it is urgent to elucidate the molecular mechanism for the regulation of walnut response to adversity. The protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) gene family participates in cellular processes in eukaryotes through reversible phosphorylation of proteins and signal transduction regulation. However, the stress response function of PP2C genes was far to be clarified. Therefore, to understand the stress response mechanism of walnut tree, in this study, a total of 41 PP2C genes with complete ORFs were identified from Juglans regia, whose basic bio-information and expression patterns in response to multiple stresses and ABA were confirmed. The results showed that the ORFs of JrPP2Cs were 495 ~ 3231 bp in length, the predicted JrPP2C proteins contained 164 to 1076 amino acids and the molecular weights were 18,581.96 ~ 118,853.34 Da, the pI was 4.55 ~ 9.58. These JrPP2C genes were unevenly distributed on 14 chromosomes, among which Chr11 and Chr13 contained the most genes. Phylogenetic analysis found that these JrPP2C proteins were classed into 9 subfamilies, among which group F covered most JrPP2Cs. The JrPP2Cs in the same subfamily exhibited similarities in the composition of conserved domains, amino acid sequences of motifs and exon/intron organization in DNA sequences. Each JrPP2C includes 4 ~ 10 motifs and each motif contained 15 ~ 37 amino acids. Among the motifs, motif1, motif2, motif3 and motif8 were most abundant. Most of the JrPP2C genes diversely response to osmotic, cadmium, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioide stress as well as ABA treatments, among which JrPP2C28, JrPP2C17, JrPP2C09, JrPP2C36 were more obvious and deserves further attention. All these results indicated that JrPP2C genes play potential vital roles in plant response to multiple stimulus, and are possibly involved in ABA-dependent signaling pathway. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08856-3.