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The association between cannabis and codeine use: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Canada

BACKGROUND: Due to the growing use of cannabis for the purposes of pain relief, evidence is needed on the impact of cannabis use on concurrent analgesic use. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the association between the use of cannabis and codeine. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional stud...

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Autores principales: Garg, Ria, Shojania, Kam, De Vera, Mary A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9463740/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36085170
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42238-022-00160-x
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author Garg, Ria
Shojania, Kam
De Vera, Mary A.
author_facet Garg, Ria
Shojania, Kam
De Vera, Mary A.
author_sort Garg, Ria
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Due to the growing use of cannabis for the purposes of pain relief, evidence is needed on the impact of cannabis use on concurrent analgesic use. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the association between the use of cannabis and codeine. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the nationally representative Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey (2017). The primary explanatory variable was self-reported use of cannabis within the past year. The outcome was the use of codeine-containing product(s) within the past year. We used multivariable binomial logistic regression models. RESULTS: Our study sample comprised 15,459 respondents including 3338 individuals who reported cannabis use within the past year of whom 955 (36.2%) used it for medical purposes. Among individuals who reported cannabis use, the majority were male (N = 1833, 62.2%). Self-reported use of cannabis was associated with codeine use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.89, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.62). Additionally, when limited to cannabis users only, we found people who used cannabis for medical purposes to be three times more likely to also report codeine use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.96, 95% CI 1.72 to 5.09). DISCUSSION: The use of cannabis was associated with increased odds of codeine use, especially among individuals who used it for medical purposes. Our findings suggest a potential role for healthcare providers to be aware of or monitor patients’ use of cannabis, as the long-term adverse events associated with concurrent cannabis and opioid use remain unknown.
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spelling pubmed-94637402022-09-11 The association between cannabis and codeine use: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Canada Garg, Ria Shojania, Kam De Vera, Mary A. J Cannabis Res Original Research BACKGROUND: Due to the growing use of cannabis for the purposes of pain relief, evidence is needed on the impact of cannabis use on concurrent analgesic use. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the association between the use of cannabis and codeine. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the nationally representative Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey (2017). The primary explanatory variable was self-reported use of cannabis within the past year. The outcome was the use of codeine-containing product(s) within the past year. We used multivariable binomial logistic regression models. RESULTS: Our study sample comprised 15,459 respondents including 3338 individuals who reported cannabis use within the past year of whom 955 (36.2%) used it for medical purposes. Among individuals who reported cannabis use, the majority were male (N = 1833, 62.2%). Self-reported use of cannabis was associated with codeine use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.89, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.62). Additionally, when limited to cannabis users only, we found people who used cannabis for medical purposes to be three times more likely to also report codeine use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.96, 95% CI 1.72 to 5.09). DISCUSSION: The use of cannabis was associated with increased odds of codeine use, especially among individuals who used it for medical purposes. Our findings suggest a potential role for healthcare providers to be aware of or monitor patients’ use of cannabis, as the long-term adverse events associated with concurrent cannabis and opioid use remain unknown. BioMed Central 2022-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9463740/ /pubmed/36085170 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42238-022-00160-x Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Research
Garg, Ria
Shojania, Kam
De Vera, Mary A.
The association between cannabis and codeine use: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Canada
title The association between cannabis and codeine use: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Canada
title_full The association between cannabis and codeine use: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Canada
title_fullStr The association between cannabis and codeine use: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Canada
title_full_unstemmed The association between cannabis and codeine use: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Canada
title_short The association between cannabis and codeine use: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Canada
title_sort association between cannabis and codeine use: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in canada
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9463740/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36085170
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42238-022-00160-x
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