Associations between exploratory dietary patterns and incident type 2 diabetes: a federated meta-analysis of individual participant data from 25 cohort studies

PURPOSE: In several studies, exploratory dietary patterns (DP), derived by principal component analysis, were inversely or positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, findings remained study-specific, inconsistent and rarely replicated. This study aimed to investigate the ass...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Jannasch, Franziska, Dietrich, Stefan, Bishop, Tom R. P., Pearce, Matthew, Fanidi, Anouar, O’Donoghue, Gráinne, O’Gorman, Donal, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Vollenweider, Peter, Bes-Rastrollo, Maira, Byberg, Liisa, Wolk, Alicja, Hashemian, Maryam, Malekzadeh, Reza, Poustchi, Hossein, Luft, Vivian C., de Matos, Sheila M. Alvim, Kim, Jihye, Kim, Mi Kyung, Kim, Yeonjung, Stern, Dalia, Lajous, Martin, Magliano, Dianna J., Shaw, Jonathan E., Akbaraly, Tasnime, Kivimaki, Mika, Maskarinec, Gertraud, Le Marchand, Loïc, Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, Soedamah-Muthu, Sabita S., Wareham, Nicholas J., Forouhi, Nita G., Schulze, Matthias B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022
Materias:
Original Contribution
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9464116/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35641800
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02909-9
Descripción
Sumario:PURPOSE: In several studies, exploratory dietary patterns (DP), derived by principal component analysis, were inversely or positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, findings remained study-specific, inconsistent and rarely replicated. This study aimed to investigate the associations between DPs and T2D in multiple cohorts across the world. METHODS: This federated meta-analysis of individual participant data was based on 25 prospective cohort studies from 5 continents including a total of 390,664 participants with a follow-up for T2D (3.8–25.0 years). After data harmonization across cohorts we evaluated 15 previously identified T2D-related DPs for association with incident T2D estimating pooled incidence rate ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals (CI) by Piecewise Poisson regression and random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: 29,386 participants developed T2D during follow-up. Five DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, were associated with higher incidence of T2D. The strongest association was observed for a DP comprising these food groups besides others (IRR(pooled) per 1 SD = 1.104, 95% CI 1.059–1.151). Although heterogeneity was present (I(2) = 85%), IRR exceeded 1 in 18 of the 20 meta-analyzed studies. Original DPs associated with lower T2D risk were not confirmed. Instead, a healthy DP (HDP1) was associated with higher T2D risk (IRR(pooled) per 1 SD = 1.057, 95% CI 1.027–1.088). CONCLUSION: Our findings from various cohorts revealed positive associations for several DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, adding to the evidence-base that links DPs to higher T2D risk. However, no inverse DP–T2D associations were confirmed. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-022-02909-9.

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