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Evaluation of a haemozoin-based rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of imported malaria during the phase of prevention of reestablishment in Sri Lanka
BACKGROUND: Sri Lanka, an island nation, has eliminated endemic malaria transmission. Maintaining elimination in the continued presence of vectors requires vigilance in screening people travelling from high malaria-risk areas and a rapid response with focal screening for infections identified in the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9464370/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36088431 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04283-7 |
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author | Fernando, Deepika Thota, Priyaleela Semege, Saveen Booso, Rahuman Bell, David de A. W. Gunasekera, Kumudunayana T. Ranaweera, Prasad |
author_facet | Fernando, Deepika Thota, Priyaleela Semege, Saveen Booso, Rahuman Bell, David de A. W. Gunasekera, Kumudunayana T. Ranaweera, Prasad |
author_sort | Fernando, Deepika |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Sri Lanka, an island nation, has eliminated endemic malaria transmission. Maintaining elimination in the continued presence of vectors requires vigilance in screening people travelling from high malaria-risk areas and a rapid response with focal screening for infections identified in the community. Such screening requires accurate and very rapid assays that enable an immediate response. Both microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have limitations including sensitivity and speed in screening large numbers, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is practical only as laboratory confirmation. This study assessed the utility of ‘Gazelle’, a novel rapid malaria assay based on magneto-optical detection of haemozoin, a by-product of malaria parasite metabolism. METHODS: Between October 2020 and March 2021, two groups of individuals were screened for malaria by four methods, namely, microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT), Gazelle and PCR. Passive case detection was carried out for confirmation of diagnosis amongst individuals suspected of having malaria. Individuals at high-risk of acquiring malaria, namely persons returning from malaria endemic countries, were screened by active case detection. RESULTS: Of the 440 individuals screened for malaria, nine malaria positives were diagnosed by PCR, microscopy and the HRP2 band of RDT, which included five Plasmodium falciparum infections, two Plasmodium ovale, and one each of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae. Gazelle correctly detected the P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae infections within the 2 min test time, but did not detect two P. falciparum infections giving a sensitivity of 77.8%. Specificity was 100%. DISCUSSION: The Gazelle, a portable bench top device proved useful to screen a large number of blood samples for non-falciparum parasites within 5 minutes of sample input. Species differentiation, and improvement in P. falciparum detection, will be important to broaden utility. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04283-7. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9464370 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94643702022-09-12 Evaluation of a haemozoin-based rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of imported malaria during the phase of prevention of reestablishment in Sri Lanka Fernando, Deepika Thota, Priyaleela Semege, Saveen Booso, Rahuman Bell, David de A. W. Gunasekera, Kumudunayana T. Ranaweera, Prasad Malar J Research BACKGROUND: Sri Lanka, an island nation, has eliminated endemic malaria transmission. Maintaining elimination in the continued presence of vectors requires vigilance in screening people travelling from high malaria-risk areas and a rapid response with focal screening for infections identified in the community. Such screening requires accurate and very rapid assays that enable an immediate response. Both microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have limitations including sensitivity and speed in screening large numbers, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is practical only as laboratory confirmation. This study assessed the utility of ‘Gazelle’, a novel rapid malaria assay based on magneto-optical detection of haemozoin, a by-product of malaria parasite metabolism. METHODS: Between October 2020 and March 2021, two groups of individuals were screened for malaria by four methods, namely, microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT), Gazelle and PCR. Passive case detection was carried out for confirmation of diagnosis amongst individuals suspected of having malaria. Individuals at high-risk of acquiring malaria, namely persons returning from malaria endemic countries, were screened by active case detection. RESULTS: Of the 440 individuals screened for malaria, nine malaria positives were diagnosed by PCR, microscopy and the HRP2 band of RDT, which included five Plasmodium falciparum infections, two Plasmodium ovale, and one each of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae. Gazelle correctly detected the P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae infections within the 2 min test time, but did not detect two P. falciparum infections giving a sensitivity of 77.8%. Specificity was 100%. DISCUSSION: The Gazelle, a portable bench top device proved useful to screen a large number of blood samples for non-falciparum parasites within 5 minutes of sample input. Species differentiation, and improvement in P. falciparum detection, will be important to broaden utility. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04283-7. BioMed Central 2022-09-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9464370/ /pubmed/36088431 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04283-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Fernando, Deepika Thota, Priyaleela Semege, Saveen Booso, Rahuman Bell, David de A. W. Gunasekera, Kumudunayana T. Ranaweera, Prasad Evaluation of a haemozoin-based rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of imported malaria during the phase of prevention of reestablishment in Sri Lanka |
title | Evaluation of a haemozoin-based rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of imported malaria during the phase of prevention of reestablishment in Sri Lanka |
title_full | Evaluation of a haemozoin-based rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of imported malaria during the phase of prevention of reestablishment in Sri Lanka |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of a haemozoin-based rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of imported malaria during the phase of prevention of reestablishment in Sri Lanka |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of a haemozoin-based rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of imported malaria during the phase of prevention of reestablishment in Sri Lanka |
title_short | Evaluation of a haemozoin-based rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of imported malaria during the phase of prevention of reestablishment in Sri Lanka |
title_sort | evaluation of a haemozoin-based rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of imported malaria during the phase of prevention of reestablishment in sri lanka |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9464370/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36088431 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04283-7 |
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