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Simple dynamics underlying the survival behaviors of ciliates
Ciliates are swimming microorganisms in aquatic environments. Habitats where ciliates accumulate include nutrient-rich solid–liquid interfaces such as pond bottom walls and waterweed surfaces. The ciliates stay near the walls to survive. We investigated the dynamics of the near-wall behavior of cili...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Biophysical Society of Japan
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9465405/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36160323 http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v19.0026 |
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author | Ohmura, Takuya Nishigami, Yukinori Ichikawa, Masatoshi |
author_facet | Ohmura, Takuya Nishigami, Yukinori Ichikawa, Masatoshi |
author_sort | Ohmura, Takuya |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ciliates are swimming microorganisms in aquatic environments. Habitats where ciliates accumulate include nutrient-rich solid–liquid interfaces such as pond bottom walls and waterweed surfaces. The ciliates stay near the walls to survive. We investigated the dynamics of the near-wall behavior of ciliates. In experiments, the ciliates were made to slide on a flat wall of glass substrate. When encountering the wall, the wall-side cilia of the cells stop their motion and lose their propelling activity, which indicates that the ciliates have a mechano-sensing system for cilia beating. Based on the experimental results, we hypothesized that the ciliary thrust force that propels the cell body becomes asymmetric, and the asymmetry of the thrust force generates a head-down torque to keep the cell sliding on the wall. To prove this hypothesis, we performed numerical simulations by using a developed hydrodynamic model for swimming ciliates. The model revealed that the loss of cilia activity on the wall side physically induces a sliding motion, and the aspect ratio of the cell body and effective cilium area are critical functions for the sliding behavior on a wall. In addition, we investigated the stability of the sliding motion against an external flow. We found that ciliates slide upstream on a wall. Interestingly, the dynamics of this upstream sliding, called rheotaxis, were also explained by the identical physical conditions for no-flow sliding. Only two simple physical conditions are required to explain the dynamics of ciliate survival behavior. This review article is an extended version of the Japanese article, Fluid Dynamic Model Reveals a Mechano-sensing System Underlying the Behavior of Ciliates, published in SEIBUTSU BUTSURI Vol. 61, p. 16–19 (2021). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9465405 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | The Biophysical Society of Japan |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94654052022-09-23 Simple dynamics underlying the survival behaviors of ciliates Ohmura, Takuya Nishigami, Yukinori Ichikawa, Masatoshi Biophys Physicobiol Review Article (Invited) Ciliates are swimming microorganisms in aquatic environments. Habitats where ciliates accumulate include nutrient-rich solid–liquid interfaces such as pond bottom walls and waterweed surfaces. The ciliates stay near the walls to survive. We investigated the dynamics of the near-wall behavior of ciliates. In experiments, the ciliates were made to slide on a flat wall of glass substrate. When encountering the wall, the wall-side cilia of the cells stop their motion and lose their propelling activity, which indicates that the ciliates have a mechano-sensing system for cilia beating. Based on the experimental results, we hypothesized that the ciliary thrust force that propels the cell body becomes asymmetric, and the asymmetry of the thrust force generates a head-down torque to keep the cell sliding on the wall. To prove this hypothesis, we performed numerical simulations by using a developed hydrodynamic model for swimming ciliates. The model revealed that the loss of cilia activity on the wall side physically induces a sliding motion, and the aspect ratio of the cell body and effective cilium area are critical functions for the sliding behavior on a wall. In addition, we investigated the stability of the sliding motion against an external flow. We found that ciliates slide upstream on a wall. Interestingly, the dynamics of this upstream sliding, called rheotaxis, were also explained by the identical physical conditions for no-flow sliding. Only two simple physical conditions are required to explain the dynamics of ciliate survival behavior. This review article is an extended version of the Japanese article, Fluid Dynamic Model Reveals a Mechano-sensing System Underlying the Behavior of Ciliates, published in SEIBUTSU BUTSURI Vol. 61, p. 16–19 (2021). The Biophysical Society of Japan 2022-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9465405/ /pubmed/36160323 http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v19.0026 Text en 2022 THE BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Review Article (Invited) Ohmura, Takuya Nishigami, Yukinori Ichikawa, Masatoshi Simple dynamics underlying the survival behaviors of ciliates |
title | Simple dynamics underlying the survival behaviors of ciliates |
title_full | Simple dynamics underlying the survival behaviors of ciliates |
title_fullStr | Simple dynamics underlying the survival behaviors of ciliates |
title_full_unstemmed | Simple dynamics underlying the survival behaviors of ciliates |
title_short | Simple dynamics underlying the survival behaviors of ciliates |
title_sort | simple dynamics underlying the survival behaviors of ciliates |
topic | Review Article (Invited) |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9465405/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36160323 http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v19.0026 |
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