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Identification of the glutamine synthetase (GS) gene family in four wheat species and functional analysis of Ta4D.GSe in Arabidopsis thaliana

ABSTRACT: Drought stress can negatively impact crop yield and quality. Improving wheat yields under drought stress is a major objective of agronomic research. Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a key enzyme of nitrogen metabolism that is critical to plant growth and development in abiotic stress response....

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Autores principales: Yin, Huayan, Sun, Qian, Lu, Xiaoqing, Zhang, Lufei, Yuan, Yanchao, Gong, Cuiling, He, Xiaoyan, Ma, Wujun, Mu, Ping
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Netherlands 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9468116/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35716232
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-022-01287-4
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author Yin, Huayan
Sun, Qian
Lu, Xiaoqing
Zhang, Lufei
Yuan, Yanchao
Gong, Cuiling
He, Xiaoyan
Ma, Wujun
Mu, Ping
author_facet Yin, Huayan
Sun, Qian
Lu, Xiaoqing
Zhang, Lufei
Yuan, Yanchao
Gong, Cuiling
He, Xiaoyan
Ma, Wujun
Mu, Ping
author_sort Yin, Huayan
collection PubMed
description ABSTRACT: Drought stress can negatively impact crop yield and quality. Improving wheat yields under drought stress is a major objective of agronomic research. Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a key enzyme of nitrogen metabolism that is critical to plant growth and development in abiotic stress response. However, to date, no systemic characterization of the GS genes has yet been conducted in wheat and its close relatives. We identified a total of 15 GS genes in Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD), as well as 9 GS genes in Triticum dicoccoides (2n = 4x = 28; AABB), 6 in Aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14; DD), and 5 in Triticum urartu (2n = 2x = 14; AA). The 35 GSs were further clustered into five lineages according to the phylogenetic tree. Synteny analysis revealed that the three subgenomes in bread wheat retained extensive synteny between bread wheat and its three relative species. We identified three up-regulated TaGSs (Ta4A.GSe, Ta4B.GSe, and Ta4D.GSe) from transcriptome data after drought and salt stress. Ta4D.GSe was subsequently used for further functional studies, and its subcellular localization were determined in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Its overexpression in Arabidopsis enhanced drought tolerance by increasing the ability of scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osmotic adjustment. We identified GS gene family in four wheat species and performed comparative analyses of their relationships, chromosome locations, conserved motif, gene structure, and synteny. The subcellular localization of Ta4D.GSe was detected and its drought tolerance function was demonstrated. Taken together, these findings provide insight into the potential functional roles of the GS genes in abiotic stress tolerance. KEY MESSAGE: This report clearly shows detailed characterization of GS gene family in four wheat species and demonstrates that Ta4D.GSe plays an important role in enhancing drought tolerance by improving the scavenging of ROS and osmotic adjustment ability in Arabidopsis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11103-022-01287-4.
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spelling pubmed-94681162022-09-14 Identification of the glutamine synthetase (GS) gene family in four wheat species and functional analysis of Ta4D.GSe in Arabidopsis thaliana Yin, Huayan Sun, Qian Lu, Xiaoqing Zhang, Lufei Yuan, Yanchao Gong, Cuiling He, Xiaoyan Ma, Wujun Mu, Ping Plant Mol Biol Article ABSTRACT: Drought stress can negatively impact crop yield and quality. Improving wheat yields under drought stress is a major objective of agronomic research. Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a key enzyme of nitrogen metabolism that is critical to plant growth and development in abiotic stress response. However, to date, no systemic characterization of the GS genes has yet been conducted in wheat and its close relatives. We identified a total of 15 GS genes in Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD), as well as 9 GS genes in Triticum dicoccoides (2n = 4x = 28; AABB), 6 in Aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14; DD), and 5 in Triticum urartu (2n = 2x = 14; AA). The 35 GSs were further clustered into five lineages according to the phylogenetic tree. Synteny analysis revealed that the three subgenomes in bread wheat retained extensive synteny between bread wheat and its three relative species. We identified three up-regulated TaGSs (Ta4A.GSe, Ta4B.GSe, and Ta4D.GSe) from transcriptome data after drought and salt stress. Ta4D.GSe was subsequently used for further functional studies, and its subcellular localization were determined in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Its overexpression in Arabidopsis enhanced drought tolerance by increasing the ability of scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osmotic adjustment. We identified GS gene family in four wheat species and performed comparative analyses of their relationships, chromosome locations, conserved motif, gene structure, and synteny. The subcellular localization of Ta4D.GSe was detected and its drought tolerance function was demonstrated. Taken together, these findings provide insight into the potential functional roles of the GS genes in abiotic stress tolerance. KEY MESSAGE: This report clearly shows detailed characterization of GS gene family in four wheat species and demonstrates that Ta4D.GSe plays an important role in enhancing drought tolerance by improving the scavenging of ROS and osmotic adjustment ability in Arabidopsis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11103-022-01287-4. Springer Netherlands 2022-06-18 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9468116/ /pubmed/35716232 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-022-01287-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Yin, Huayan
Sun, Qian
Lu, Xiaoqing
Zhang, Lufei
Yuan, Yanchao
Gong, Cuiling
He, Xiaoyan
Ma, Wujun
Mu, Ping
Identification of the glutamine synthetase (GS) gene family in four wheat species and functional analysis of Ta4D.GSe in Arabidopsis thaliana
title Identification of the glutamine synthetase (GS) gene family in four wheat species and functional analysis of Ta4D.GSe in Arabidopsis thaliana
title_full Identification of the glutamine synthetase (GS) gene family in four wheat species and functional analysis of Ta4D.GSe in Arabidopsis thaliana
title_fullStr Identification of the glutamine synthetase (GS) gene family in four wheat species and functional analysis of Ta4D.GSe in Arabidopsis thaliana
title_full_unstemmed Identification of the glutamine synthetase (GS) gene family in four wheat species and functional analysis of Ta4D.GSe in Arabidopsis thaliana
title_short Identification of the glutamine synthetase (GS) gene family in four wheat species and functional analysis of Ta4D.GSe in Arabidopsis thaliana
title_sort identification of the glutamine synthetase (gs) gene family in four wheat species and functional analysis of ta4d.gse in arabidopsis thaliana
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9468116/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35716232
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-022-01287-4
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