Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Assisted Evaluation of the Bone Regenerative Potential of Modulated Sol–Gel-Synthesized 45S5 Bioglass Intended for Alveolar Bone Regeneration

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to evaluate the in vitro cell compatibility and in vivo regenerative potential of 45S5 Bioglass (45S5-BG)-based bone graft implanted in critical-size defects (CSD) created at rat calvaria using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro cell compatibility of 45S5-BG was assessed using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. For in vivo experiments, CSD of diameter 6 mm was created in the parietal bone and was treated with 45S5-BG bone graft in the test group (Group B), while the control group (Group A) CSD remained empty. Rats were euthanized at the 4(th) and 8(th) postsurgical weeks, and CBCT analysis was done for samples. The grayscale value in VGi and the selected region of interest (ROI, in mm) of CSD diameter were calculated. RESULTS: In vitro cytotoxicity analysis of 45S5-BG showed that cell viability of more than 70% as compared to the control confirmed cell compatibility. CBCT analysis of CSD confirmed a significant increase in VGi (P < 0.001) and reduction in ROI of CSD (P < 0.001) from the 4(th) and 8(th) weeks in the test group as compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro cytotoxicity analysis confirmed cell compatibility of 45S5-BG bone graft and CBCT analysis revealed its bone regenerative potential.