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Testosterone and cortisol responses to ß‐hydroxy ß‐methylbutryate consumption and exercise: A meta‐analysis
BACKGROUND: β‐hydroxy β‐methylbutryate (HMB) is a metabolite of leucine amino acid and it has several ergogenic benefits. Previous studies also showed that it may affect beneficially the testosterone and cortisol concentration in athletes. Due to the contradiction results between studies, we aimed t...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9469850/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36171789 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2887 |
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author | Zhao, Li Mohammad, Mohamad |
author_facet | Zhao, Li Mohammad, Mohamad |
author_sort | Zhao, Li |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: β‐hydroxy β‐methylbutryate (HMB) is a metabolite of leucine amino acid and it has several ergogenic benefits. Previous studies also showed that it may affect beneficially the testosterone and cortisol concentration in athletes. Due to the contradiction results between studies, we aimed to conduct this meta‐analysis to assess the HMB supplementation effect on testosterone and cortisol in trained athletes. METHODS: Scopus, Medline, and Google scholar were systematically searched up to August 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration tool for evaluating the risk of bias was applied for assessing the studies' quality. Random‐effects model, weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for estimating the overall effect. Between‐study heterogeneity was evaluated applying the chi‐squared and I(2) statistic. RESULTS: Seven articles were included in the meta‐analysis. Although the meta‐analysis generally showed that HMB consumption did not have any effect on the cortisol and testosterone concentration (p > .05), subgroup analysis based on the exercise type showed a significant decrease in the cortisol concentration in resistance training exercises (WMD = −3.30; 95% CI: −5.50, −1.10; p = .003) and a significant increase in the testosterone concentration in aerobic and anaerobic combined sports (WMD = 1.56; 95% CI: 0.07, 3.05; p = .040). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that HMB supplementation in athletes can reduce the concentration of cortisol in resistance exercises and increase the concentration of testosterone in aerobic and anaerobic combined exercises. Nevertheless, more studies are required to confirm these results. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9469850 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94698502022-09-27 Testosterone and cortisol responses to ß‐hydroxy ß‐methylbutryate consumption and exercise: A meta‐analysis Zhao, Li Mohammad, Mohamad Food Sci Nutr Reviews BACKGROUND: β‐hydroxy β‐methylbutryate (HMB) is a metabolite of leucine amino acid and it has several ergogenic benefits. Previous studies also showed that it may affect beneficially the testosterone and cortisol concentration in athletes. Due to the contradiction results between studies, we aimed to conduct this meta‐analysis to assess the HMB supplementation effect on testosterone and cortisol in trained athletes. METHODS: Scopus, Medline, and Google scholar were systematically searched up to August 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration tool for evaluating the risk of bias was applied for assessing the studies' quality. Random‐effects model, weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for estimating the overall effect. Between‐study heterogeneity was evaluated applying the chi‐squared and I(2) statistic. RESULTS: Seven articles were included in the meta‐analysis. Although the meta‐analysis generally showed that HMB consumption did not have any effect on the cortisol and testosterone concentration (p > .05), subgroup analysis based on the exercise type showed a significant decrease in the cortisol concentration in resistance training exercises (WMD = −3.30; 95% CI: −5.50, −1.10; p = .003) and a significant increase in the testosterone concentration in aerobic and anaerobic combined sports (WMD = 1.56; 95% CI: 0.07, 3.05; p = .040). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that HMB supplementation in athletes can reduce the concentration of cortisol in resistance exercises and increase the concentration of testosterone in aerobic and anaerobic combined exercises. Nevertheless, more studies are required to confirm these results. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9469850/ /pubmed/36171789 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2887 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Reviews Zhao, Li Mohammad, Mohamad Testosterone and cortisol responses to ß‐hydroxy ß‐methylbutryate consumption and exercise: A meta‐analysis |
title | Testosterone and cortisol responses to ß‐hydroxy ß‐methylbutryate consumption and exercise: A meta‐analysis |
title_full | Testosterone and cortisol responses to ß‐hydroxy ß‐methylbutryate consumption and exercise: A meta‐analysis |
title_fullStr | Testosterone and cortisol responses to ß‐hydroxy ß‐methylbutryate consumption and exercise: A meta‐analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Testosterone and cortisol responses to ß‐hydroxy ß‐methylbutryate consumption and exercise: A meta‐analysis |
title_short | Testosterone and cortisol responses to ß‐hydroxy ß‐methylbutryate consumption and exercise: A meta‐analysis |
title_sort | testosterone and cortisol responses to ß‐hydroxy ß‐methylbutryate consumption and exercise: a meta‐analysis |
topic | Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9469850/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36171789 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2887 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT zhaoli testosteroneandcortisolresponsestoßhydroxyßmethylbutryateconsumptionandexerciseametaanalysis AT mohammadmohamad testosteroneandcortisolresponsestoßhydroxyßmethylbutryateconsumptionandexerciseametaanalysis |