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Comparative analysis of chemical constituents in Citri Exocarpium Rubrum, Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba, and Citri Fructus Retinervus
Citri Exocarpium Rubrum (CER), Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba (CREA), and Citri Fructus Retinervus (CFR) are used as medicine and food, which derive from three different parts of the pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco through natural drying. To systematically investigate similarities and diffe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9469855/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36171768 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2897 |
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author | Yang, Wanling Liu, Mengshi Chen, Baizhong Ning, Jinrong Wang, Kanghui Cai, Yi Yang, Depo Zheng, Guodong |
author_facet | Yang, Wanling Liu, Mengshi Chen, Baizhong Ning, Jinrong Wang, Kanghui Cai, Yi Yang, Depo Zheng, Guodong |
author_sort | Yang, Wanling |
collection | PubMed |
description | Citri Exocarpium Rubrum (CER), Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba (CREA), and Citri Fructus Retinervus (CFR) are used as medicine and food, which derive from three different parts of the pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco through natural drying. To systematically investigate similarities and differences in phytochemicals about the three herbs, a series of analytic approaches were applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical constituents in them. The results indicated a total of 48 volatile compounds were determined representing 99.92% of the total relative content of CER extracts, including 24 alkenes, 11 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 2 ketones, and 2 phenols, while volatile compounds were not extracted from CREA and CFR. CER was abundant in volatile components that mainly existed in the oil gland. And a total of 32, 35, and 28 nonvolatile compounds were identified from CER, CREA, and CFR extracts, respectively. The total content of flavonoids and phenolic, and hesperidin in CFR was the highest, followed by CREA and CER. Conversely, CER was a rich source of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), and the total polymethoxyflavone content (TPMFC), the content of nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′‐heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), tangeretin, and 5‐hydroxy‐6,7,8,3′,4′‐pentamethoxyflavone (5‐HPMF) in CREA and CFR were extremely low. Besides, CER and CREA had a higher concentration of synephrine than CFR. The phytochemicals of CER, CREA, and CFR were significantly different, which might provide chemical evidence for the comparative pharmacological activities’ research and rational application of them. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9469855 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94698552022-09-27 Comparative analysis of chemical constituents in Citri Exocarpium Rubrum, Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba, and Citri Fructus Retinervus Yang, Wanling Liu, Mengshi Chen, Baizhong Ning, Jinrong Wang, Kanghui Cai, Yi Yang, Depo Zheng, Guodong Food Sci Nutr Original Articles Citri Exocarpium Rubrum (CER), Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba (CREA), and Citri Fructus Retinervus (CFR) are used as medicine and food, which derive from three different parts of the pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco through natural drying. To systematically investigate similarities and differences in phytochemicals about the three herbs, a series of analytic approaches were applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical constituents in them. The results indicated a total of 48 volatile compounds were determined representing 99.92% of the total relative content of CER extracts, including 24 alkenes, 11 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 2 ketones, and 2 phenols, while volatile compounds were not extracted from CREA and CFR. CER was abundant in volatile components that mainly existed in the oil gland. And a total of 32, 35, and 28 nonvolatile compounds were identified from CER, CREA, and CFR extracts, respectively. The total content of flavonoids and phenolic, and hesperidin in CFR was the highest, followed by CREA and CER. Conversely, CER was a rich source of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), and the total polymethoxyflavone content (TPMFC), the content of nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′‐heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), tangeretin, and 5‐hydroxy‐6,7,8,3′,4′‐pentamethoxyflavone (5‐HPMF) in CREA and CFR were extremely low. Besides, CER and CREA had a higher concentration of synephrine than CFR. The phytochemicals of CER, CREA, and CFR were significantly different, which might provide chemical evidence for the comparative pharmacological activities’ research and rational application of them. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9469855/ /pubmed/36171768 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2897 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Yang, Wanling Liu, Mengshi Chen, Baizhong Ning, Jinrong Wang, Kanghui Cai, Yi Yang, Depo Zheng, Guodong Comparative analysis of chemical constituents in Citri Exocarpium Rubrum, Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba, and Citri Fructus Retinervus |
title | Comparative analysis of chemical constituents in Citri Exocarpium Rubrum, Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba, and Citri Fructus Retinervus |
title_full | Comparative analysis of chemical constituents in Citri Exocarpium Rubrum, Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba, and Citri Fructus Retinervus |
title_fullStr | Comparative analysis of chemical constituents in Citri Exocarpium Rubrum, Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba, and Citri Fructus Retinervus |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative analysis of chemical constituents in Citri Exocarpium Rubrum, Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba, and Citri Fructus Retinervus |
title_short | Comparative analysis of chemical constituents in Citri Exocarpium Rubrum, Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba, and Citri Fructus Retinervus |
title_sort | comparative analysis of chemical constituents in citri exocarpium rubrum, citri reticulatae endocarpium alba, and citri fructus retinervus |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9469855/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36171768 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2897 |
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