Hepatic Encephalopathy and Treatment Modalities: A Review Article

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a condition that is commonly seen in individuals suffering from liver cirrhosis. After excluding brain illness, HE is described as a range of neuropsychiatric disorders in individuals with liver impairment. It is characterized by personality changes, intellectual impairment, and a depressed level of consciousness. Toxins that are typically eliminated from the body by the liver build up in the blood and eventually reach the brain, causing HE. Many signs and symptoms of HE may often be treated if caught early and treated properly. It is important to remember that not everyone who is affected may experience every symptom mentioned below. Affected individuals should speak with their doctor and medical staff about their specific disease, associated symptoms, and general prognosis. Many people only have minor symptoms, known as minimal HE. The exact pathophysiology of HE is still being debated, with the primary theories focusing on neurotoxins, reduced neurotransmission caused by alterations in brain energy metabolism, systemic inflammatory response, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disturbances in liver failure, as well as metabolic irregularities.