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The concept of motivation and its implication in additive disorders

INTRODUCTION: The word motivation derives from the Latin movere, which means to move. In psychiatry, it is an isolated phenomenon found in the substrate of several pathologies, and may be part of an heterogeneous dimensional spectrum. However, there is no unique definition for it, nor a targeted app...

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Autores principales: Medeiros, A.B., Teixeira, J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cambridge University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9471162/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1525
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author Medeiros, A.B.
Teixeira, J.
author_facet Medeiros, A.B.
Teixeira, J.
author_sort Medeiros, A.B.
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: The word motivation derives from the Latin movere, which means to move. In psychiatry, it is an isolated phenomenon found in the substrate of several pathologies, and may be part of an heterogeneous dimensional spectrum. However, there is no unique definition for it, nor a targeted approach. In addictive disorders motivation gains a fundamental role, both as a precipitant of abuse as in its withdrawal. OBJECTIVES: To review the literature about the concept of motivation and its implications on the psychopathology, especially on addictive disorders. METHODS: Narrative review on PubMed/MEDLINE, using the keywords “motivation” AND “psychopatology” AND “addiction”. Articles in English and Portuguese were included. RESULTS: Three main perspectives were found addressing the concept of motivation in psychopathological terms: psychological, neurobiological and phenomenological. The first describes motivation as the energizing of behaviour in pursuit of a goal. Neurobiology says motivational drive is dependent on the concentration of extrasynaptic dopamine. In phenomenological terms, the concept stands for the web of solicitations that make a certain situation feel in a certain way for the subject. In addictive disorders, learning about what leads to reward, exaggeration in representing those values, and dominance in being guided by those representations lead to alterations on motivation mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Motivation is described from different perspectives. Although it is recognized as a fundamental piece in addictive disorders, besides motivational interview model, there are no pharmacological approaches aimed to improving motivation. The recognition of motivation as a concrete psychopathological alteration, and its measure through psychopathological instruments, could optimize the patient’s approach.
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spelling pubmed-94711622022-09-29 The concept of motivation and its implication in additive disorders Medeiros, A.B. Teixeira, J. Eur Psychiatry Abstract INTRODUCTION: The word motivation derives from the Latin movere, which means to move. In psychiatry, it is an isolated phenomenon found in the substrate of several pathologies, and may be part of an heterogeneous dimensional spectrum. However, there is no unique definition for it, nor a targeted approach. In addictive disorders motivation gains a fundamental role, both as a precipitant of abuse as in its withdrawal. OBJECTIVES: To review the literature about the concept of motivation and its implications on the psychopathology, especially on addictive disorders. METHODS: Narrative review on PubMed/MEDLINE, using the keywords “motivation” AND “psychopatology” AND “addiction”. Articles in English and Portuguese were included. RESULTS: Three main perspectives were found addressing the concept of motivation in psychopathological terms: psychological, neurobiological and phenomenological. The first describes motivation as the energizing of behaviour in pursuit of a goal. Neurobiology says motivational drive is dependent on the concentration of extrasynaptic dopamine. In phenomenological terms, the concept stands for the web of solicitations that make a certain situation feel in a certain way for the subject. In addictive disorders, learning about what leads to reward, exaggeration in representing those values, and dominance in being guided by those representations lead to alterations on motivation mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Motivation is described from different perspectives. Although it is recognized as a fundamental piece in addictive disorders, besides motivational interview model, there are no pharmacological approaches aimed to improving motivation. The recognition of motivation as a concrete psychopathological alteration, and its measure through psychopathological instruments, could optimize the patient’s approach. Cambridge University Press 2021-08-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9471162/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1525 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Abstract
Medeiros, A.B.
Teixeira, J.
The concept of motivation and its implication in additive disorders
title The concept of motivation and its implication in additive disorders
title_full The concept of motivation and its implication in additive disorders
title_fullStr The concept of motivation and its implication in additive disorders
title_full_unstemmed The concept of motivation and its implication in additive disorders
title_short The concept of motivation and its implication in additive disorders
title_sort concept of motivation and its implication in additive disorders
topic Abstract
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9471162/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1525
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