Treatment Approaches for Melanomas That Relapse After Adjuvant or Neoadjuvant Therapy

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Effective adjuvant treatment with immunotherapy and targeted therapy has significantly improved outcomes for patients with resectable locally advanced or metastatic melanoma, but a substantial proportion unfortunately relapse. Here, we review available data and explore evolving research which might impact decision-making in this setting. RECENT FINDINGS: Small retrospective studies have explored pattern of disease relapse and observed outcomes of subsequent treatment. There are ongoing trials in the neoadjuvant setting which may provide valuable information regarding disease response and potentially change the way we approach disease relapse. SUMMARY: Currently there is limited evidence to guide clinicians in managing melanomas that relapse after adjuvant therapy. Standardised data collection and future prospective studies are needed.