Integrating mineralogy, geochemistry and aeromagnetic data for detecting Fe–Ti ore deposits bearing layered mafic intrusion, Akab El-Negum, Eastern Desert, Egypt

This study delineated the Fe–Ti oxide deposit concurrencies on the layered mafic intrusion in Gabal Akab El-Negum (GAN), South Eastern Desert, Egypt, using aeromagnetic mapping and chemical analysis of the hosted mafic rocks and mineralogical studies. Aeromagnetic data was improved using the enhanced horizontal gradient amplitudeto detect the primary structures (edges/contacts/faults) that control the distribution of Fe–Ti ore deposit. GAN layered gabbros are differentiated into troctolite, olivine–, pyroxene–, and hornblende–gabbros. These mafic rocks primarily comprise plagioclase, olivine, pyroxene, and hornblende with Fe–Ti ores (magnetite and ilmenite). The significant variation in Mg# of clinopyroxene between 0.70 and 0.82 indicates the importance of fractional crystallization in developing layered mafic intrusion. Clinopyroxene and plagioclase thermometry yielded low temperatures similar to the fractionated primary basaltic magma. The pairs of magnetite–ilmenite minerals in gabbros provide equilibrium temperatures of 539.44–815.56, and high fO(2), reflecting various cooling and subsolidus reequilibration phases of minerals. The enrichment of GAN gabbros in light rare–earth elements relative to heavy rare–earth elements indicates the interaction between the Fe–Ti rich mantle and the fractionated tholeiitic magmas in the back-arc setting, generating Fe–Ti oxide ores.