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Amino acid metabolism in skeletal cells
Amino acid metabolism regulates essential cellular functions, not only by fueling protein synthesis, but also by supporting the biogenesis of nucleotides, redox factors and lipids. Amino acids are also involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle anaplerosis, epigenetic modifications, next to synthesis of n...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9475269/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36120644 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101620 |
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author | Devignes, Claire-Sophie Carmeliet, Geert Stegen, Steve |
author_facet | Devignes, Claire-Sophie Carmeliet, Geert Stegen, Steve |
author_sort | Devignes, Claire-Sophie |
collection | PubMed |
description | Amino acid metabolism regulates essential cellular functions, not only by fueling protein synthesis, but also by supporting the biogenesis of nucleotides, redox factors and lipids. Amino acids are also involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle anaplerosis, epigenetic modifications, next to synthesis of neurotransmitters and hormones. As such, amino acids contribute to a broad range of cellular processes such as proliferation, matrix synthesis and intercellular communication, which are all critical for skeletal cell functioning. Here we summarize recent work elucidating how amino acid metabolism supports and regulates skeletal cell function during bone growth and homeostasis, as well as during skeletal disease. The most extensively studied amino acid is glutamine, and osteoblasts and chondrocytes rely heavily on this non-essential amino acid during for their functioning and differentiation. Regulated by lineage-specific transcription factors such as SOX9 and osteoanabolic agents such as parathyroid hormone or WNT, glutamine metabolism has a wide range of metabolic roles, as it fuels anabolic processes by producing nucleotides and non-essential amino acids, maintains redox balance by generating the antioxidant glutathione and regulates cell-specific gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. We also describe how other amino acids affect skeletal cell functions, although further work is needed to fully understand their effect. The increasing number of studies using stable isotope labelling in several skeletal cell types at various stages of differentiation, together with conditional inactivation of amino acid transporters or enzymes in mouse models, will allow us to obtain a more complete picture of amino acid metabolism in skeletal cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9475269 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94752692022-09-16 Amino acid metabolism in skeletal cells Devignes, Claire-Sophie Carmeliet, Geert Stegen, Steve Bone Rep Full Length Article Amino acid metabolism regulates essential cellular functions, not only by fueling protein synthesis, but also by supporting the biogenesis of nucleotides, redox factors and lipids. Amino acids are also involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle anaplerosis, epigenetic modifications, next to synthesis of neurotransmitters and hormones. As such, amino acids contribute to a broad range of cellular processes such as proliferation, matrix synthesis and intercellular communication, which are all critical for skeletal cell functioning. Here we summarize recent work elucidating how amino acid metabolism supports and regulates skeletal cell function during bone growth and homeostasis, as well as during skeletal disease. The most extensively studied amino acid is glutamine, and osteoblasts and chondrocytes rely heavily on this non-essential amino acid during for their functioning and differentiation. Regulated by lineage-specific transcription factors such as SOX9 and osteoanabolic agents such as parathyroid hormone or WNT, glutamine metabolism has a wide range of metabolic roles, as it fuels anabolic processes by producing nucleotides and non-essential amino acids, maintains redox balance by generating the antioxidant glutathione and regulates cell-specific gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. We also describe how other amino acids affect skeletal cell functions, although further work is needed to fully understand their effect. The increasing number of studies using stable isotope labelling in several skeletal cell types at various stages of differentiation, together with conditional inactivation of amino acid transporters or enzymes in mouse models, will allow us to obtain a more complete picture of amino acid metabolism in skeletal cells. Elsevier 2022-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9475269/ /pubmed/36120644 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101620 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Full Length Article Devignes, Claire-Sophie Carmeliet, Geert Stegen, Steve Amino acid metabolism in skeletal cells |
title | Amino acid metabolism in skeletal cells |
title_full | Amino acid metabolism in skeletal cells |
title_fullStr | Amino acid metabolism in skeletal cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Amino acid metabolism in skeletal cells |
title_short | Amino acid metabolism in skeletal cells |
title_sort | amino acid metabolism in skeletal cells |
topic | Full Length Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9475269/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36120644 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101620 |
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