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X-linked recessive Kallmann syndrome: A case report

BACKGROUND: Kallmann syndrome (KS), also known as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) or olfactory-gonadal dysplasia, is a genetic condition in which the primary symptom is a failure to begin puberty or a failure to fully complete it. It occurs in both males and females and has the additional symptom...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Ping, Fu, Jing-Yun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9477064/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36157645
http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i25.8990
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author Zhang, Ping
Fu, Jing-Yun
author_facet Zhang, Ping
Fu, Jing-Yun
author_sort Zhang, Ping
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Kallmann syndrome (KS), also known as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) or olfactory-gonadal dysplasia, is a genetic condition in which the primary symptom is a failure to begin puberty or a failure to fully complete it. It occurs in both males and females and has the additional symptoms of hypogonadism and almost invariably infertility. The condition has a low prevalence that is estimated to be 1 in 4000 for male HH cases overall and 1:50000 for KS. It is three to five times more common in males than females. Whether this is a true sex imbalance or a reflection of how difficult KS/HH is to diagnose correctly in males vs females has yet to be fully established. CASE SUMMARY: This article reports a 26-year-old male presenting with delayed puberty. The synthetic decapeptide luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulation test showed that the secretion levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were delayed. The eigengenes commonly associated with idiopathic HH (IHH) were screened, and an X-linked recessive (KAL-1) mutation was found. His gonadotropin and testosterone levels increased significantly after pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) subcutaneous therapy by pump. A relevant literature review on the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of KS and genetic counseling was conducted. CONCLUSION: KS is caused by a KAL-1 mutation that follows an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern. Pulsatile GnRH subcutaneous therapy by pump was effective in this patient.
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spelling pubmed-94770642022-09-23 X-linked recessive Kallmann syndrome: A case report Zhang, Ping Fu, Jing-Yun World J Clin Cases Case Report BACKGROUND: Kallmann syndrome (KS), also known as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) or olfactory-gonadal dysplasia, is a genetic condition in which the primary symptom is a failure to begin puberty or a failure to fully complete it. It occurs in both males and females and has the additional symptoms of hypogonadism and almost invariably infertility. The condition has a low prevalence that is estimated to be 1 in 4000 for male HH cases overall and 1:50000 for KS. It is three to five times more common in males than females. Whether this is a true sex imbalance or a reflection of how difficult KS/HH is to diagnose correctly in males vs females has yet to be fully established. CASE SUMMARY: This article reports a 26-year-old male presenting with delayed puberty. The synthetic decapeptide luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulation test showed that the secretion levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were delayed. The eigengenes commonly associated with idiopathic HH (IHH) were screened, and an X-linked recessive (KAL-1) mutation was found. His gonadotropin and testosterone levels increased significantly after pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) subcutaneous therapy by pump. A relevant literature review on the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of KS and genetic counseling was conducted. CONCLUSION: KS is caused by a KAL-1 mutation that follows an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern. Pulsatile GnRH subcutaneous therapy by pump was effective in this patient. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2022-09-06 2022-09-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9477064/ /pubmed/36157645 http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i25.8990 Text en ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.
spellingShingle Case Report
Zhang, Ping
Fu, Jing-Yun
X-linked recessive Kallmann syndrome: A case report
title X-linked recessive Kallmann syndrome: A case report
title_full X-linked recessive Kallmann syndrome: A case report
title_fullStr X-linked recessive Kallmann syndrome: A case report
title_full_unstemmed X-linked recessive Kallmann syndrome: A case report
title_short X-linked recessive Kallmann syndrome: A case report
title_sort x-linked recessive kallmann syndrome: a case report
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9477064/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36157645
http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i25.8990
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