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Deformation and seismicity decline before the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption
Increased rates of deformation and seismicity are well-established precursors to volcanic eruptions, and their interpretation forms the basis for eruption warnings worldwide. Rates of ground displacement and the number of earthquakes escalate before many eruptions(1–3), as magma forces its way towar...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9477732/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36104559 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05083-4 |
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author | Sigmundsson, Freysteinn Parks, Michelle Hooper, Andrew Geirsson, Halldór Vogfjörd, Kristín S. Drouin, Vincent Ófeigsson, Benedikt G. Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún Hjaltadóttir, Sigurlaug Jónsdóttir, Kristín Einarsson, Páll Barsotti, Sara Horálek, Josef Ágústsdóttir, Thorbjörg |
author_facet | Sigmundsson, Freysteinn Parks, Michelle Hooper, Andrew Geirsson, Halldór Vogfjörd, Kristín S. Drouin, Vincent Ófeigsson, Benedikt G. Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún Hjaltadóttir, Sigurlaug Jónsdóttir, Kristín Einarsson, Páll Barsotti, Sara Horálek, Josef Ágústsdóttir, Thorbjörg |
author_sort | Sigmundsson, Freysteinn |
collection | PubMed |
description | Increased rates of deformation and seismicity are well-established precursors to volcanic eruptions, and their interpretation forms the basis for eruption warnings worldwide. Rates of ground displacement and the number of earthquakes escalate before many eruptions(1–3), as magma forces its way towards the surface. However, the pre-eruptive patterns of deformation and seismicity vary widely. Here we show how an eruption beginning on 19 March 2021 at Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, was preceded by a period of tectonic stress release ending with a decline in deformation and seismicity over several days preceding the eruption onset. High rates of deformation and seismicity occurred from 24 February to mid-March in relation to gradual emplacement of an approximately 9-km-long magma-filled dyke, between the surface and 8 km depth (volume approximately 34 × 10(6) m(3)), as well as the triggering of strike-slip earthquakes up to magnitude M(W) 5.64. As stored tectonic stress was systematically released, there was less lateral migration of magma and a reduction in both the deformation rates and seismicity. Weaker crust near the surface may also have contributed to reduced seismicity, as the depth of active magma emplacement progressively shallowed. This demonstrates that the interaction between volcanoes and tectonic stress as well as crustal layering need to be fully considered when forecasting eruptions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9477732 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94777322022-09-17 Deformation and seismicity decline before the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption Sigmundsson, Freysteinn Parks, Michelle Hooper, Andrew Geirsson, Halldór Vogfjörd, Kristín S. Drouin, Vincent Ófeigsson, Benedikt G. Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún Hjaltadóttir, Sigurlaug Jónsdóttir, Kristín Einarsson, Páll Barsotti, Sara Horálek, Josef Ágústsdóttir, Thorbjörg Nature Article Increased rates of deformation and seismicity are well-established precursors to volcanic eruptions, and their interpretation forms the basis for eruption warnings worldwide. Rates of ground displacement and the number of earthquakes escalate before many eruptions(1–3), as magma forces its way towards the surface. However, the pre-eruptive patterns of deformation and seismicity vary widely. Here we show how an eruption beginning on 19 March 2021 at Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, was preceded by a period of tectonic stress release ending with a decline in deformation and seismicity over several days preceding the eruption onset. High rates of deformation and seismicity occurred from 24 February to mid-March in relation to gradual emplacement of an approximately 9-km-long magma-filled dyke, between the surface and 8 km depth (volume approximately 34 × 10(6) m(3)), as well as the triggering of strike-slip earthquakes up to magnitude M(W) 5.64. As stored tectonic stress was systematically released, there was less lateral migration of magma and a reduction in both the deformation rates and seismicity. Weaker crust near the surface may also have contributed to reduced seismicity, as the depth of active magma emplacement progressively shallowed. This demonstrates that the interaction between volcanoes and tectonic stress as well as crustal layering need to be fully considered when forecasting eruptions. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-09-14 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9477732/ /pubmed/36104559 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05083-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Sigmundsson, Freysteinn Parks, Michelle Hooper, Andrew Geirsson, Halldór Vogfjörd, Kristín S. Drouin, Vincent Ófeigsson, Benedikt G. Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún Hjaltadóttir, Sigurlaug Jónsdóttir, Kristín Einarsson, Páll Barsotti, Sara Horálek, Josef Ágústsdóttir, Thorbjörg Deformation and seismicity decline before the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption |
title | Deformation and seismicity decline before the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption |
title_full | Deformation and seismicity decline before the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption |
title_fullStr | Deformation and seismicity decline before the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption |
title_full_unstemmed | Deformation and seismicity decline before the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption |
title_short | Deformation and seismicity decline before the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption |
title_sort | deformation and seismicity decline before the 2021 fagradalsfjall eruption |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9477732/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36104559 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05083-4 |
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