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Three weeks of time-restricted eating improves glucose homeostasis in adults with type 2 diabetes but does not improve insulin sensitivity: a randomised crossover trial

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Time-restricted eating (TRE) is suggested to improve metabolic health by limiting food intake to a defined time window, thereby prolonging the overnight fast. This prolonged fast is expected to lead to a more pronounced depletion of hepatic glycogen stores overnight and might improv...

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Autores principales: Andriessen, Charlotte, Fealy, Ciarán E., Veelen, Anna, van Beek, Sten M. M., Roumans, Kay H. M., Connell, Niels J., Mevenkamp, Julian, Moonen-Kornips, Esther, Havekes, Bas, Schrauwen-Hinderling, Vera B., Hoeks, Joris, Schrauwen, Patrick
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9477920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35871650
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-022-05752-z
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author Andriessen, Charlotte
Fealy, Ciarán E.
Veelen, Anna
van Beek, Sten M. M.
Roumans, Kay H. M.
Connell, Niels J.
Mevenkamp, Julian
Moonen-Kornips, Esther
Havekes, Bas
Schrauwen-Hinderling, Vera B.
Hoeks, Joris
Schrauwen, Patrick
author_facet Andriessen, Charlotte
Fealy, Ciarán E.
Veelen, Anna
van Beek, Sten M. M.
Roumans, Kay H. M.
Connell, Niels J.
Mevenkamp, Julian
Moonen-Kornips, Esther
Havekes, Bas
Schrauwen-Hinderling, Vera B.
Hoeks, Joris
Schrauwen, Patrick
author_sort Andriessen, Charlotte
collection PubMed
description AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Time-restricted eating (TRE) is suggested to improve metabolic health by limiting food intake to a defined time window, thereby prolonging the overnight fast. This prolonged fast is expected to lead to a more pronounced depletion of hepatic glycogen stores overnight and might improve insulin sensitivity due to an increased need to replenish nutrient storage. Previous studies showed beneficial metabolic effects of 6–8 h TRE regimens in healthy, overweight adults under controlled conditions. However, the effects of TRE on glucose homeostasis in individuals with type 2 diabetes are unclear. Here, we extensively investigated the effects of TRE on hepatic glycogen levels and insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Fourteen adults with type 2 diabetes (BMI 30.5±4.2 kg/m(2), HbA(1c) 46.1±7.2 mmol/mol [6.4±0.7%]) participated in a 3 week TRE (daily food intake within 10 h) vs control (spreading food intake over ≥14 h) regimen in a randomised, crossover trial design. The study was performed at Maastricht University, the Netherlands. Eligibility criteria included diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, intermediate chronotype and absence of medical conditions that could interfere with the study execution and/or outcome. Randomisation was performed by a study-independent investigator, ensuring that an equal amount of participants started with TRE and CON. Due to the nature of the study, neither volunteers nor investigators were blinded to the study interventions. The quality of the data was checked without knowledge on intervention allocation. Hepatic glycogen levels were assessed with (13)C-MRS and insulin sensitivity was assessed using a hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic two-step clamp. Furthermore, glucose homeostasis was assessed with 24 h continuous glucose monitoring devices. Secondary outcomes included 24 h energy expenditure and substrate oxidation, hepatic lipid content and skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity. RESULTS: Results are depicted as mean ± SEM. Hepatic glycogen content was similar between TRE and control condition (0.15±0.01 vs 0.15±0.01 AU, p=0.88). M value was not significantly affected by TRE (19.6±1.8 vs 17.7±1.8 μmol kg(−1) min(−1) in TRE vs control, respectively, p=0.10). Hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity also remained unaffected by TRE (p=0.67 and p=0.25, respectively). Yet, insulin-induced non-oxidative glucose disposal was increased with TRE (non-oxidative glucose disposal 4.3±1.1 vs 1.5±1.7 μmol kg(−1) min(−1), p=0.04). TRE increased the time spent in the normoglycaemic range (15.1±0.8 vs 12.2±1.1 h per day, p=0.01), and decreased fasting glucose (7.6±0.4 vs 8.6±0.4 mmol/l, p=0.03) and 24 h glucose levels (6.8±0.2 vs 7.6±0.3 mmol/l, p<0.01). Energy expenditure over 24 h was unaffected; nevertheless, TRE decreased 24 h glucose oxidation (260.2±7.6 vs 277.8±10.7 g/day, p=0.04). No adverse events were reported that were related to the interventions. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We show that a 10 h TRE regimen is a feasible, safe and effective means to improve 24 h glucose homeostasis in free-living adults with type 2 diabetes. However, these changes were not accompanied by changes in insulin sensitivity or hepatic glycogen. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03992248 FUNDING: ZonMW, 459001013 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00125-022-05752-z) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material.
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spelling pubmed-94779202022-09-17 Three weeks of time-restricted eating improves glucose homeostasis in adults with type 2 diabetes but does not improve insulin sensitivity: a randomised crossover trial Andriessen, Charlotte Fealy, Ciarán E. Veelen, Anna van Beek, Sten M. M. Roumans, Kay H. M. Connell, Niels J. Mevenkamp, Julian Moonen-Kornips, Esther Havekes, Bas Schrauwen-Hinderling, Vera B. Hoeks, Joris Schrauwen, Patrick Diabetologia Article AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Time-restricted eating (TRE) is suggested to improve metabolic health by limiting food intake to a defined time window, thereby prolonging the overnight fast. This prolonged fast is expected to lead to a more pronounced depletion of hepatic glycogen stores overnight and might improve insulin sensitivity due to an increased need to replenish nutrient storage. Previous studies showed beneficial metabolic effects of 6–8 h TRE regimens in healthy, overweight adults under controlled conditions. However, the effects of TRE on glucose homeostasis in individuals with type 2 diabetes are unclear. Here, we extensively investigated the effects of TRE on hepatic glycogen levels and insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Fourteen adults with type 2 diabetes (BMI 30.5±4.2 kg/m(2), HbA(1c) 46.1±7.2 mmol/mol [6.4±0.7%]) participated in a 3 week TRE (daily food intake within 10 h) vs control (spreading food intake over ≥14 h) regimen in a randomised, crossover trial design. The study was performed at Maastricht University, the Netherlands. Eligibility criteria included diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, intermediate chronotype and absence of medical conditions that could interfere with the study execution and/or outcome. Randomisation was performed by a study-independent investigator, ensuring that an equal amount of participants started with TRE and CON. Due to the nature of the study, neither volunteers nor investigators were blinded to the study interventions. The quality of the data was checked without knowledge on intervention allocation. Hepatic glycogen levels were assessed with (13)C-MRS and insulin sensitivity was assessed using a hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic two-step clamp. Furthermore, glucose homeostasis was assessed with 24 h continuous glucose monitoring devices. Secondary outcomes included 24 h energy expenditure and substrate oxidation, hepatic lipid content and skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity. RESULTS: Results are depicted as mean ± SEM. Hepatic glycogen content was similar between TRE and control condition (0.15±0.01 vs 0.15±0.01 AU, p=0.88). M value was not significantly affected by TRE (19.6±1.8 vs 17.7±1.8 μmol kg(−1) min(−1) in TRE vs control, respectively, p=0.10). Hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity also remained unaffected by TRE (p=0.67 and p=0.25, respectively). Yet, insulin-induced non-oxidative glucose disposal was increased with TRE (non-oxidative glucose disposal 4.3±1.1 vs 1.5±1.7 μmol kg(−1) min(−1), p=0.04). TRE increased the time spent in the normoglycaemic range (15.1±0.8 vs 12.2±1.1 h per day, p=0.01), and decreased fasting glucose (7.6±0.4 vs 8.6±0.4 mmol/l, p=0.03) and 24 h glucose levels (6.8±0.2 vs 7.6±0.3 mmol/l, p<0.01). Energy expenditure over 24 h was unaffected; nevertheless, TRE decreased 24 h glucose oxidation (260.2±7.6 vs 277.8±10.7 g/day, p=0.04). No adverse events were reported that were related to the interventions. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We show that a 10 h TRE regimen is a feasible, safe and effective means to improve 24 h glucose homeostasis in free-living adults with type 2 diabetes. However, these changes were not accompanied by changes in insulin sensitivity or hepatic glycogen. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03992248 FUNDING: ZonMW, 459001013 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00125-022-05752-z) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022-07-25 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9477920/ /pubmed/35871650 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-022-05752-z Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Andriessen, Charlotte
Fealy, Ciarán E.
Veelen, Anna
van Beek, Sten M. M.
Roumans, Kay H. M.
Connell, Niels J.
Mevenkamp, Julian
Moonen-Kornips, Esther
Havekes, Bas
Schrauwen-Hinderling, Vera B.
Hoeks, Joris
Schrauwen, Patrick
Three weeks of time-restricted eating improves glucose homeostasis in adults with type 2 diabetes but does not improve insulin sensitivity: a randomised crossover trial
title Three weeks of time-restricted eating improves glucose homeostasis in adults with type 2 diabetes but does not improve insulin sensitivity: a randomised crossover trial
title_full Three weeks of time-restricted eating improves glucose homeostasis in adults with type 2 diabetes but does not improve insulin sensitivity: a randomised crossover trial
title_fullStr Three weeks of time-restricted eating improves glucose homeostasis in adults with type 2 diabetes but does not improve insulin sensitivity: a randomised crossover trial
title_full_unstemmed Three weeks of time-restricted eating improves glucose homeostasis in adults with type 2 diabetes but does not improve insulin sensitivity: a randomised crossover trial
title_short Three weeks of time-restricted eating improves glucose homeostasis in adults with type 2 diabetes but does not improve insulin sensitivity: a randomised crossover trial
title_sort three weeks of time-restricted eating improves glucose homeostasis in adults with type 2 diabetes but does not improve insulin sensitivity: a randomised crossover trial
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9477920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35871650
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-022-05752-z
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