Advances in multi-omics research on viral hepatitis

Viral hepatitis is a major global public health problem that affects hundreds of millions of people and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Five biologically unrelated hepatotropic viruses account for the majority of the global burden of viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV). Omics is defined as the comprehensive study of the functions, relationships and roles of various types of molecules in biological cells. The multi-omics analysis has been proposed and considered key to advancing clinical precision medicine, mainly including genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, metabolomics. Overall, the applications of multi-omics can show the origin of hepatitis viruses, explore the diagnostic and prognostics biomarkers and screen out the therapeutic targets for viral hepatitis and related diseases. To better understand the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis and related diseases, comprehensive multi-omics analysis has been widely carried out. This review mainly summarizes the applications of multi-omics in different types of viral hepatitis and related diseases, aiming to provide new insight into these diseases.