An overview on possible management strategies for coffee white stem borer Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Nepal

The Coffee White Stem Borer (CWSB) is one of the most dreadful and destructive pests of coffee in Asian nations, causing significant production loss each year. CWSB has a narrow host range, with Coffea arabica as their principal host. Once they bore into the stem of C. arabica, the whole plant must be uprooted. The study on the cumulative effects of the invasion of pests in the Nepalese agriculture system is quite vague. Farmers use a variety of methods to combat CWSB, but most of them are ineffective and wasteful. To effectively combat pests, it is important to understand the variety and abundance of natural enemies as well as the botanicals that have pesticide potential. If the management of CWSB in the Nepalese context goes unaddressed, it will prompt an alarming issue to coffee production in Nepal. Hence, it is of utmost necessity to develop rational management strategies of CWSB for promoting organic coffee in Nepal, which has garnered a reputation of excellent quality in the global market. This paper seeks to provide comprehensive information on the CWSB's management technique for using bio-rational compounds to aid Nepalese farmers cultivating organic coffee.