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Temporal changes in the Swiss flora: implications for flower-visiting insects

BACKGROUND: Local floristic diversity has massively decreased during the twentieth century in Central Europe even though in the 1990s diversity began increasing again in several regions. However, little is known whether this increase is equally distributed among plant groups with different reproduct...

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Autores principales: Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Kessler, Michael, Roth, Tobias, Heer, Nico
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9479241/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36109688
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-022-02061-2
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author Abrahamczyk, Stefan
Kessler, Michael
Roth, Tobias
Heer, Nico
author_facet Abrahamczyk, Stefan
Kessler, Michael
Roth, Tobias
Heer, Nico
author_sort Abrahamczyk, Stefan
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Local floristic diversity has massively decreased during the twentieth century in Central Europe even though in the 1990s diversity began increasing again in several regions. However, little is known whether this increase is equally distributed among plant groups with different reproductive traits. METHODS: Our study is based on data of the Swiss Biodiversity Monitoring Program. In this program, plant species occurrence is recorded since 2001 in 450 regularly distributed 1 km(2) study sites. For all 1774 plant species registered in the study, we researched data on flower/pseudanthium type and colour, reproductive system, and groups of flower visitors. We then tested whether temporal changes in species frequency were equally distributed among species with different trait states. RESULTS: Species richness and functional richness significantly increased in the study sites while functional evenness decreased. The frequency of wind-pollinated species increased more strongly than that of insect-pollinated species. Further, the frequency of species with simple, open insect-pollinated flowers and pseudanthia visited by generalist groups of insects increased slightly more strongly than the frequency of species with complex flowers visited by more specialized groups of flower visitors. Additionally, the frequency of self-compatible species increased significantly more than that of self-incompatible species. Thus, the overall increase in local plant species richness in Switzerland is mostly driven by wind- and generalist insect-pollinated, self-compatible species. In contrast, species with complex flowers, which are essential for specialized groups of flower visitors and species with self-incompatible reproductive systems profited less. CONCLUSIONS: Our study thus emphasizes the need to consider functional traits in the planning and monitoring of conservation activities, and calls for a special focus on plant species with specialized reproductive traits. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-02061-2.
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spelling pubmed-94792412022-09-17 Temporal changes in the Swiss flora: implications for flower-visiting insects Abrahamczyk, Stefan Kessler, Michael Roth, Tobias Heer, Nico BMC Ecol Evol Research Article BACKGROUND: Local floristic diversity has massively decreased during the twentieth century in Central Europe even though in the 1990s diversity began increasing again in several regions. However, little is known whether this increase is equally distributed among plant groups with different reproductive traits. METHODS: Our study is based on data of the Swiss Biodiversity Monitoring Program. In this program, plant species occurrence is recorded since 2001 in 450 regularly distributed 1 km(2) study sites. For all 1774 plant species registered in the study, we researched data on flower/pseudanthium type and colour, reproductive system, and groups of flower visitors. We then tested whether temporal changes in species frequency were equally distributed among species with different trait states. RESULTS: Species richness and functional richness significantly increased in the study sites while functional evenness decreased. The frequency of wind-pollinated species increased more strongly than that of insect-pollinated species. Further, the frequency of species with simple, open insect-pollinated flowers and pseudanthia visited by generalist groups of insects increased slightly more strongly than the frequency of species with complex flowers visited by more specialized groups of flower visitors. Additionally, the frequency of self-compatible species increased significantly more than that of self-incompatible species. Thus, the overall increase in local plant species richness in Switzerland is mostly driven by wind- and generalist insect-pollinated, self-compatible species. In contrast, species with complex flowers, which are essential for specialized groups of flower visitors and species with self-incompatible reproductive systems profited less. CONCLUSIONS: Our study thus emphasizes the need to consider functional traits in the planning and monitoring of conservation activities, and calls for a special focus on plant species with specialized reproductive traits. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-02061-2. BioMed Central 2022-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9479241/ /pubmed/36109688 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-022-02061-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Abrahamczyk, Stefan
Kessler, Michael
Roth, Tobias
Heer, Nico
Temporal changes in the Swiss flora: implications for flower-visiting insects
title Temporal changes in the Swiss flora: implications for flower-visiting insects
title_full Temporal changes in the Swiss flora: implications for flower-visiting insects
title_fullStr Temporal changes in the Swiss flora: implications for flower-visiting insects
title_full_unstemmed Temporal changes in the Swiss flora: implications for flower-visiting insects
title_short Temporal changes in the Swiss flora: implications for flower-visiting insects
title_sort temporal changes in the swiss flora: implications for flower-visiting insects
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9479241/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36109688
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-022-02061-2
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