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Prevalence and predictors of thyroid dysfunction amongst patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes and thyroid disorders are the two most common disorders amongst endocrine diseases. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) may disturb thyroid metabolism by disturbing the levels of thyroid hormones in the plasma. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and thyroid...

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Autores principales: Bukhari, Syeda Iffat, Ali, Gohar, Memom, Muhammad Yahya, Sandeelo, Nabiya, Alvi, Haris, Talib, Abu, Ahmed, Imtiaz, Lal, Hari, Asghar, Muhammad Sohaib, Naseer, Ushna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2022
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9480699/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36119299
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2106_21
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author Bukhari, Syeda Iffat
Ali, Gohar
Memom, Muhammad Yahya
Sandeelo, Nabiya
Alvi, Haris
Talib, Abu
Ahmed, Imtiaz
Lal, Hari
Asghar, Muhammad Sohaib
Naseer, Ushna
author_facet Bukhari, Syeda Iffat
Ali, Gohar
Memom, Muhammad Yahya
Sandeelo, Nabiya
Alvi, Haris
Talib, Abu
Ahmed, Imtiaz
Lal, Hari
Asghar, Muhammad Sohaib
Naseer, Ushna
author_sort Bukhari, Syeda Iffat
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Diabetes and thyroid disorders are the two most common disorders amongst endocrine diseases. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) may disturb thyroid metabolism by disturbing the levels of thyroid hormones in the plasma. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetic population presenting in a public sector tertiary care teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Civil Hospital Karachi (CHK) in the department of medicine from October 01, 2018, to March 31, 2019. The study population consisted of 317 patients diagnosed with DM type 2 based on American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Patients with fasting blood sugar ≥ 126 mg/dL, or HbA1c >6.5 (%), and 2 h postprandial blood glucose levels >200 mg/dL were included. After a minimum of 8 h of fasting, plasma samples of patients were collected and sent for fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, FT3, FT4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Descriptive statistics were calculated. Post-stratification Chi-squared test was applied, and a P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Among all enrolled DM type 2 patients, 207 (65.3%) were male with a mean age of 46.54 ± 8.72 years. Mean fasting blood sugar (FBS), random blood sugar (RBS), and HbA1c were 212.76 ± 26.91 (mg/dL), 328.89 ± 52.89 (mg/dL), and 9.43 ± 2.47 (%), respectively. The mean duration of DM was 7.81 ± 3.15 years. Mean FT3, FT4, and TSH were 113.13 ± 44.40 (ng/dL), 7.63 ± 3.11 (mg/dL) and 2.64 ± 2.57 (mIU/mL), respectively. In the present study, 55 (17.4%) patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, 27 (8.5%) had hypothyroidism, 19 (6.0%) had hyperthyroidism, and 16 (5.0%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Significant association of thyroid dysfunction was established with age group, female gender, and family history of thyroid dysfunction (P =< 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is higher among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in which hypothyroidism was the most common dysfunction with more prevalence among female patients.
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spelling pubmed-94806992022-09-17 Prevalence and predictors of thyroid dysfunction amongst patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan Bukhari, Syeda Iffat Ali, Gohar Memom, Muhammad Yahya Sandeelo, Nabiya Alvi, Haris Talib, Abu Ahmed, Imtiaz Lal, Hari Asghar, Muhammad Sohaib Naseer, Ushna J Family Med Prim Care Original Article INTRODUCTION: Diabetes and thyroid disorders are the two most common disorders amongst endocrine diseases. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) may disturb thyroid metabolism by disturbing the levels of thyroid hormones in the plasma. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetic population presenting in a public sector tertiary care teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Civil Hospital Karachi (CHK) in the department of medicine from October 01, 2018, to March 31, 2019. The study population consisted of 317 patients diagnosed with DM type 2 based on American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Patients with fasting blood sugar ≥ 126 mg/dL, or HbA1c >6.5 (%), and 2 h postprandial blood glucose levels >200 mg/dL were included. After a minimum of 8 h of fasting, plasma samples of patients were collected and sent for fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, FT3, FT4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Descriptive statistics were calculated. Post-stratification Chi-squared test was applied, and a P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Among all enrolled DM type 2 patients, 207 (65.3%) were male with a mean age of 46.54 ± 8.72 years. Mean fasting blood sugar (FBS), random blood sugar (RBS), and HbA1c were 212.76 ± 26.91 (mg/dL), 328.89 ± 52.89 (mg/dL), and 9.43 ± 2.47 (%), respectively. The mean duration of DM was 7.81 ± 3.15 years. Mean FT3, FT4, and TSH were 113.13 ± 44.40 (ng/dL), 7.63 ± 3.11 (mg/dL) and 2.64 ± 2.57 (mIU/mL), respectively. In the present study, 55 (17.4%) patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, 27 (8.5%) had hypothyroidism, 19 (6.0%) had hyperthyroidism, and 16 (5.0%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Significant association of thyroid dysfunction was established with age group, female gender, and family history of thyroid dysfunction (P =< 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is higher among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in which hypothyroidism was the most common dysfunction with more prevalence among female patients. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2022-06 2022-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9480699/ /pubmed/36119299 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2106_21 Text en Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Bukhari, Syeda Iffat
Ali, Gohar
Memom, Muhammad Yahya
Sandeelo, Nabiya
Alvi, Haris
Talib, Abu
Ahmed, Imtiaz
Lal, Hari
Asghar, Muhammad Sohaib
Naseer, Ushna
Prevalence and predictors of thyroid dysfunction amongst patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan
title Prevalence and predictors of thyroid dysfunction amongst patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan
title_full Prevalence and predictors of thyroid dysfunction amongst patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan
title_fullStr Prevalence and predictors of thyroid dysfunction amongst patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and predictors of thyroid dysfunction amongst patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan
title_short Prevalence and predictors of thyroid dysfunction amongst patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan
title_sort prevalence and predictors of thyroid dysfunction amongst patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in pakistan
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9480699/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36119299
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2106_21
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