Magnoflorine Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Injury via Autophagy/Sirt1/AMPK Signaling Pathway

Ischemic stroke is a common cause of permanent disability worldwide. Magnoflorine has been discovered to have good antioxidation, immune regulation, and cardiovascular system protection functions. However, whether magnoflorine treatment protects against cerebral ischemic stroke and the mechanism of such protection remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of magnoflorine on the development of ischemic stroke disorder in rats. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model followed by 24 h reperfusion after 90 min ischemia was used. The rats were treated with magnoflorine (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days. The neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarct volume, and brain water content were measured. The neuronal density was determined using Nissl and NeuN staining. The oxidative stress levels were determined using commercial kits. Immunofluorescence staining of LC3 and western blot assay for LC3 and p62 were used to assess autophagy. Magnoflorine treatment significantly reduced the cerebral infarct volume and brain water content and improved the neurological deficit scores in the rat MCAO model. In addition, magnoflorine ameliorated neuronal injury and neuron density in the cortex of rats. Magnoflorine also prevented oxidative damage following ischemia, reflected by the decrement of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde and the increase of glutathione (GSH) and GSH peroxidase. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of LC3 and the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I were remarkably downregulated in ischemic rat administration of magnoflorine. Finally, the expression levels of p62, sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), and phosphorylated-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were upregulated with magnoflorine. Magnoflorine attenuated the cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal damage, which was possibly associated with antioxidative stress, suppression of autophagy, and activation of the Sirt1/AMPK pathway in the rats.