Supramolecular Polymer Intertwined Free-Standing Bifunctional Membrane Catalysts for All-Temperature Flexible Zn–Air Batteries

Rational construction of flexible free-standing electrocatalysts featuring long-lasting durability, high efficiency, and wide temperature tolerance under harsh practical operations are fundamentally significant for commercial zinc–air batteries. Here, 3D flexible free-standing bifunctional membrane electrocatalysts composed of covalently cross-linked supramolecular polymer networks with nitrogen-deficient carbon nitride nanotubes are fabricated (referred to as PEMAC@NDCN) by a facile self-templated approach. PEMAC@NDCN demonstrates the lowest reversible oxygen bifunctional activity of 0.61 V with exceptional long-lasting durability, which outperforms those of commercial Pt/C and RuO(2). Theoretical calculations and control experiments reveal the boosted electron transfer, electrolyte mass/ion transports, and abundant active surface site preferences. Moreover, the constructed alkaline Zn–air battery with PEMAC@NDCN air–cathode reveals superb power density, capacity, and discharge–charge cycling stability (over 2160 cycles) compared to the reference Pt/C + RuO(2). Solid-state Zn–air batteries enable a high power density of 211 mW cm(−2), energy density of 1056 Wh kg(−1), stable charge–discharge cycling of 2580 cycles for 50 mA cm(−2), and wide temperature tolerance from − 40 to 70 °C with retention of 86% capacity compared to room-temperature counterparts, illustrating prospects over harsh operations. [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-022-00927-0.