Implementation of an Individual + Policy, System, and Environmental (I + PSE) Technical Assistance Initiative to Increase Capacity of MCH Nutrition Strategic Planning

INTRODUCTION: Childhood obesity disproportionately affects low-income women, children, racial/ethnic minorities, and rural populations. To effectively promote sustainable change, healthy eating and active living initiatives should apply individual plus policy, systems, and environmental (I + PSE) approaches. METHODS: Four public health maternal and child nutrition teams selected through an application process participated in 12 months of technical assistance (TA) to develop action plans incorporating I + PSE in nutrition programming. TA included: (1) online modules; (2) community of practice (CoP) meetings; and (3) individual coaching sessions. Teams completed midpoint and endpoint surveys to assess TA knowledge and process outcomes. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted post TA were transcribed and content analysis used to characterize themes and sub-themes. RESULTS: Facilitators to implementing I + PSE approaches included TA delivery through online modules, participation in the CoP, and individual coaching to address barriers to implementation and leadership support. Barriers were time and funding limitations, working in isolation, and lack of infrastructure and self-efficacy. Co-learning helped TA teams overcome stagnancy and promote development of creative solutions. Teams recognized relationship-building as integral to systems development. DISCUSSION: Lessons learned occurred across three main areas: relationships, capacity-building, and barriers encountered. Relationship formation takes time and is often not recognized as an asset impacting public health programing. Relationship direction – upstream, downstream, and lateral - affects ability to build organizational and systems capacity. While this study includes a small number of public health nutrition teams, this practice-based research highlights the value of I + PSE TA to tackle complex problems, with reciprocal, multisectoral support to enhance public health nutrition program impact. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10995-022-03435-0.