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Honey as a Cytological Fixative: A Comparative Study With 95% Alcohol

Background Ninety-five percent (95%) ethyl alcohol (ethanol) has been used as a standard cytological fixative but it is expensive, difficult to procure, and has addictive properties. Alternate substitutes like methanol, which give similar results to ethanol, have toxic potential. Honey, a known pres...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Priyadarshi, Avinash, Kaur, Rupinder, Issacs, Roma
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9482673/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36148184
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28149
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author Priyadarshi, Avinash
Kaur, Rupinder
Issacs, Roma
author_facet Priyadarshi, Avinash
Kaur, Rupinder
Issacs, Roma
author_sort Priyadarshi, Avinash
collection PubMed
description Background Ninety-five percent (95%) ethyl alcohol (ethanol) has been used as a standard cytological fixative but it is expensive, difficult to procure, and has addictive properties. Alternate substitutes like methanol, which give similar results to ethanol, have toxic potential. Honey, a known preservative, is an eco-friendly fixative and is of great value when ethanol is unavailable and economizing on cost is necessary. The present study was done to assess and compare the fixation property and cytomorphological features of smears fixed in 20% honey in comparison to 95% ethyl alcohol and to determine whether the former can be used as an alternative cytological fixative in routine practice. Material and methods The present prospective study was done in the cytology section of the Department of Pathology for one and a half years on 300 cytological samples comprising 100 samples each of various body fluids (peritoneal, pleural, bronchoalveolar lavage, and urine), cervical smears, and fine-needle aspiration samples. The smears from all the 300 cytological samples were fixed separately in 95% ethanol and 20% unprocessed natural honey for a minimum of 15 minutes and were then stained with Papanicolaou (Pap) stain. The cytomorphological parameters of both the smears were compared based on set criteria. Relevant statistical analysis was done using the student t-test, chi-square test, and test of agreement (kappa statistics). Results A comparable and good-quality staining pattern, preservation of morphology, and crisp nuclear and cytoplasmic staining were observed between the two fixatives for all three types of samples with a strong agreement between them (kappa value varying between 0.896 and 0.942) and a p-value of <0.05. Conclusion Natural honey is a readily available and non-toxic alternative to ethanol as a cytological fixative and can be used in routine practices, especially in resource-constrained settings.
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spelling pubmed-94826732022-09-21 Honey as a Cytological Fixative: A Comparative Study With 95% Alcohol Priyadarshi, Avinash Kaur, Rupinder Issacs, Roma Cureus Pathology Background Ninety-five percent (95%) ethyl alcohol (ethanol) has been used as a standard cytological fixative but it is expensive, difficult to procure, and has addictive properties. Alternate substitutes like methanol, which give similar results to ethanol, have toxic potential. Honey, a known preservative, is an eco-friendly fixative and is of great value when ethanol is unavailable and economizing on cost is necessary. The present study was done to assess and compare the fixation property and cytomorphological features of smears fixed in 20% honey in comparison to 95% ethyl alcohol and to determine whether the former can be used as an alternative cytological fixative in routine practice. Material and methods The present prospective study was done in the cytology section of the Department of Pathology for one and a half years on 300 cytological samples comprising 100 samples each of various body fluids (peritoneal, pleural, bronchoalveolar lavage, and urine), cervical smears, and fine-needle aspiration samples. The smears from all the 300 cytological samples were fixed separately in 95% ethanol and 20% unprocessed natural honey for a minimum of 15 minutes and were then stained with Papanicolaou (Pap) stain. The cytomorphological parameters of both the smears were compared based on set criteria. Relevant statistical analysis was done using the student t-test, chi-square test, and test of agreement (kappa statistics). Results A comparable and good-quality staining pattern, preservation of morphology, and crisp nuclear and cytoplasmic staining were observed between the two fixatives for all three types of samples with a strong agreement between them (kappa value varying between 0.896 and 0.942) and a p-value of <0.05. Conclusion Natural honey is a readily available and non-toxic alternative to ethanol as a cytological fixative and can be used in routine practices, especially in resource-constrained settings. Cureus 2022-08-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9482673/ /pubmed/36148184 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28149 Text en Copyright © 2022, Priyadarshi et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Pathology
Priyadarshi, Avinash
Kaur, Rupinder
Issacs, Roma
Honey as a Cytological Fixative: A Comparative Study With 95% Alcohol
title Honey as a Cytological Fixative: A Comparative Study With 95% Alcohol
title_full Honey as a Cytological Fixative: A Comparative Study With 95% Alcohol
title_fullStr Honey as a Cytological Fixative: A Comparative Study With 95% Alcohol
title_full_unstemmed Honey as a Cytological Fixative: A Comparative Study With 95% Alcohol
title_short Honey as a Cytological Fixative: A Comparative Study With 95% Alcohol
title_sort honey as a cytological fixative: a comparative study with 95% alcohol
topic Pathology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9482673/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36148184
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28149
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