Association Between Hemoglobin Levels and Osteoporosis in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between hemoglobin levels and osteoporosis and the risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 495 T2DM adults. Medical data were collected from electronic medical records. RESULTS: T2DM patients with osteoporosis had significant lower hemoglobin levels (P < 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that age, female, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking and hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with osteoporosis in T2DM patients (all P < 0.05). After adjustment for BMI, diabetic duration, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), smoking and drinking, a significant association between hemoglobin levels and osteoporosis was observed in T2DM males aged 50 years and older (odds ratio [OR] = 0.978, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.958–0.998, P = 0.030). Compared to Q3 groups with normal hemoglobin levels, Q1 groups with anemia had an odd of osteoporosis increased 2.9-fold in T2DM men after adjustment for age, BMI, diabetic duration, eGFR, smoking and drinking (P = 0.032). CONCLUSION: Hemoglobin levels were associated with the presence of osteoporosis in T2DM men, especially in those aged 50 years and older.