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The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Differentiation of Cells of Mesenchymal Origin

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional membrane-enclosed organelle. One of the major ER functions is cotranslational transport and processing of secretory, lysosomal, and transmembrane proteins. Impaired protein processing caused by disturbances in the ER homeostasis results in the ER stres...

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Autores principales: Turishcheva, Ekaterina, Vildanova, Mariya, Onishchenko, Galina, Smirnova, Elena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Pleiades Publishing 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9483250/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36180988
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S000629792209005X
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author Turishcheva, Ekaterina
Vildanova, Mariya
Onishchenko, Galina
Smirnova, Elena
author_facet Turishcheva, Ekaterina
Vildanova, Mariya
Onishchenko, Galina
Smirnova, Elena
author_sort Turishcheva, Ekaterina
collection PubMed
description Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional membrane-enclosed organelle. One of the major ER functions is cotranslational transport and processing of secretory, lysosomal, and transmembrane proteins. Impaired protein processing caused by disturbances in the ER homeostasis results in the ER stress. Restoration of normal ER functioning requires activation of an adaptive mechanism involving cell response to misfolded proteins, the so-called unfolded protein response (UPR). Besides controlling protein folding, UPR plays a key role in other physiological processes, in particular, differentiation of cells of connective, muscle, epithelial, and neural tissues. Cell differentiation is induced by the physiological levels of ER stress, while excessive ER stress suppresses differentiation and can result in cell death. So far, it remains unknown whether UPR activation induces cell differentiation or if UPR is initiated by the upregulated synthesis of secretory proteins during cell differentiation. Cell differentiation is an important stage in the development of multicellular organisms and is tightly controlled. Suppression or excessive activation of this process can lead to the development of various pathologies in an organism. In particular, impairments in the differentiation of connective tissue cells can result in the development of fibrosis, obesity, and osteoporosis. Recently, special attention has been paid to fibrosis as one of the major complications of COVID-19. Therefore, studying the role of UPR in the activation of cell differentiation is of both theoretical and practical interest, as it might result in the identification of molecular targets for selective regulation of cell differentiation stages and as well as the potential to modulate the mechanisms involved in the development of various pathological states.
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spelling pubmed-94832502022-09-19 The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Differentiation of Cells of Mesenchymal Origin Turishcheva, Ekaterina Vildanova, Mariya Onishchenko, Galina Smirnova, Elena Biochemistry (Mosc) Review Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional membrane-enclosed organelle. One of the major ER functions is cotranslational transport and processing of secretory, lysosomal, and transmembrane proteins. Impaired protein processing caused by disturbances in the ER homeostasis results in the ER stress. Restoration of normal ER functioning requires activation of an adaptive mechanism involving cell response to misfolded proteins, the so-called unfolded protein response (UPR). Besides controlling protein folding, UPR plays a key role in other physiological processes, in particular, differentiation of cells of connective, muscle, epithelial, and neural tissues. Cell differentiation is induced by the physiological levels of ER stress, while excessive ER stress suppresses differentiation and can result in cell death. So far, it remains unknown whether UPR activation induces cell differentiation or if UPR is initiated by the upregulated synthesis of secretory proteins during cell differentiation. Cell differentiation is an important stage in the development of multicellular organisms and is tightly controlled. Suppression or excessive activation of this process can lead to the development of various pathologies in an organism. In particular, impairments in the differentiation of connective tissue cells can result in the development of fibrosis, obesity, and osteoporosis. Recently, special attention has been paid to fibrosis as one of the major complications of COVID-19. Therefore, studying the role of UPR in the activation of cell differentiation is of both theoretical and practical interest, as it might result in the identification of molecular targets for selective regulation of cell differentiation stages and as well as the potential to modulate the mechanisms involved in the development of various pathological states. Pleiades Publishing 2022-09-15 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9483250/ /pubmed/36180988 http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S000629792209005X Text en © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2022 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Review
Turishcheva, Ekaterina
Vildanova, Mariya
Onishchenko, Galina
Smirnova, Elena
The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Differentiation of Cells of Mesenchymal Origin
title The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Differentiation of Cells of Mesenchymal Origin
title_full The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Differentiation of Cells of Mesenchymal Origin
title_fullStr The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Differentiation of Cells of Mesenchymal Origin
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Differentiation of Cells of Mesenchymal Origin
title_short The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Differentiation of Cells of Mesenchymal Origin
title_sort role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in differentiation of cells of mesenchymal origin
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9483250/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36180988
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S000629792209005X
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