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Non-canonical DNA structures: Diversity and disease association

A complete understanding of DNA double-helical structure discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, unveil the importance and significance of DNA. For the last seven decades, this has been a leading light in the course of the development of modern biology and biomedical science. Apart fro...

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Autores principales: Bansal, Aparna, Kaushik, Shikha, Kukreti, Shrikant
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9483843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36134025
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.959258
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author Bansal, Aparna
Kaushik, Shikha
Kukreti, Shrikant
author_facet Bansal, Aparna
Kaushik, Shikha
Kukreti, Shrikant
author_sort Bansal, Aparna
collection PubMed
description A complete understanding of DNA double-helical structure discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, unveil the importance and significance of DNA. For the last seven decades, this has been a leading light in the course of the development of modern biology and biomedical science. Apart from the predominant B-form, experimental shreds of evidence have revealed the existence of a sequence-dependent structural diversity, unusual non-canonical structures like hairpin, cruciform, Z-DNA, multistranded structures such as DNA triplex, G-quadruplex, i-motif forms, etc. The diversity in the DNA structure depends on various factors such as base sequence, ions, superhelical stress, and ligands. In response to these various factors, the polymorphism of DNA regulates various genes via different processes like replication, transcription, translation, and recombination. However, altered levels of gene expression are associated with many human genetic diseases including neurological disorders and cancer. These non-B-DNA structures are expected to play a key role in determining genetic stability, DNA damage and repair etc. The present review is a modest attempt to summarize the available literature, illustrating the occurrence of non-canonical structures at the molecular level in response to the environment and interaction with ligands and proteins. This would provide an insight to understand the biological functions of these unusual DNA structures and their recognition as potential therapeutic targets for diverse genetic diseases.
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spelling pubmed-94838432022-09-20 Non-canonical DNA structures: Diversity and disease association Bansal, Aparna Kaushik, Shikha Kukreti, Shrikant Front Genet Genetics A complete understanding of DNA double-helical structure discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, unveil the importance and significance of DNA. For the last seven decades, this has been a leading light in the course of the development of modern biology and biomedical science. Apart from the predominant B-form, experimental shreds of evidence have revealed the existence of a sequence-dependent structural diversity, unusual non-canonical structures like hairpin, cruciform, Z-DNA, multistranded structures such as DNA triplex, G-quadruplex, i-motif forms, etc. The diversity in the DNA structure depends on various factors such as base sequence, ions, superhelical stress, and ligands. In response to these various factors, the polymorphism of DNA regulates various genes via different processes like replication, transcription, translation, and recombination. However, altered levels of gene expression are associated with many human genetic diseases including neurological disorders and cancer. These non-B-DNA structures are expected to play a key role in determining genetic stability, DNA damage and repair etc. The present review is a modest attempt to summarize the available literature, illustrating the occurrence of non-canonical structures at the molecular level in response to the environment and interaction with ligands and proteins. This would provide an insight to understand the biological functions of these unusual DNA structures and their recognition as potential therapeutic targets for diverse genetic diseases. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9483843/ /pubmed/36134025 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.959258 Text en Copyright © 2022 Bansal, Kaushik and Kukreti. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Genetics
Bansal, Aparna
Kaushik, Shikha
Kukreti, Shrikant
Non-canonical DNA structures: Diversity and disease association
title Non-canonical DNA structures: Diversity and disease association
title_full Non-canonical DNA structures: Diversity and disease association
title_fullStr Non-canonical DNA structures: Diversity and disease association
title_full_unstemmed Non-canonical DNA structures: Diversity and disease association
title_short Non-canonical DNA structures: Diversity and disease association
title_sort non-canonical dna structures: diversity and disease association
topic Genetics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9483843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36134025
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.959258
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