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Predicting cigarette use initiation and dependence in adolescence using an affect-driven exploration model

Adolescent decisions, especially in novel contexts, are often guided by affective evaluations (i.e., feelings associated with a stimulus) rather than knowledge of the risks and probabilities of different outcomes. In this study, we used the affect-driven exploration (ADE) model to illustrate how aff...

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Autores principales: Khurana, Atika, Loan, Christopher M., Romer, Dan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9484548/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36132193
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887021
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author Khurana, Atika
Loan, Christopher M.
Romer, Dan
author_facet Khurana, Atika
Loan, Christopher M.
Romer, Dan
author_sort Khurana, Atika
collection PubMed
description Adolescent decisions, especially in novel contexts, are often guided by affective evaluations (i.e., feelings associated with a stimulus) rather than knowledge of the risks and probabilities of different outcomes. In this study, we used the affect-driven exploration (ADE) model to illustrate how affective evaluations can play a critical role in driving early use of cigarettes, as well as the adaptive function of the resulting experiential learning in informing future affect and cigarette use. We analyzed five waves of data collected from a large, diverse community sample of adolescents who were followed from early to late adolescence (N = 386; 50.9% female; Baseline age = 11.41 ± 0.88 years) during years 2004–2010 to model trajectories of positive affect and risk perceptions (associated with cigarette use) and examined the associations of these trajectories with their self-reported cigarette use and dependence symptoms. Consistent with the ADE model, early initiators reported higher levels of positive affect at baseline, which we argue may have led them to try cigarettes. Notably, most early initiators reported a decline in positive affect over time, suggesting an experience-based shift in affective evaluations associated with cigarette use. Risk perceptions associated with cigarette use did not emerge as a significant predictor of cigarette use or subsequent dependence. Therefore, for deterring adolescent cigarette use, efforts to influence affect (through graphic warning labels and other media) may be more effective than directly influencing risk perceptions. Despite the affective basis for initiating cigarette use, few adolescents engaged in early use (N = 20) or developed symptoms of dependence (N = 25). Majority of those who engaged in early cigarette use showed a decline in positive affect, with corresponding increase in risk perceptions over time. Some early users may indeed continue to engage in cigarette use, but this is likely driven by the addictive properties of the drug. Overall these findings challenge the popular stereotype of impulsive and emotionally reactive behaviors during adolescence, and suggest a more nuanced interpretation of adolescent risk behavior.
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spelling pubmed-94845482022-09-20 Predicting cigarette use initiation and dependence in adolescence using an affect-driven exploration model Khurana, Atika Loan, Christopher M. Romer, Dan Front Psychol Psychology Adolescent decisions, especially in novel contexts, are often guided by affective evaluations (i.e., feelings associated with a stimulus) rather than knowledge of the risks and probabilities of different outcomes. In this study, we used the affect-driven exploration (ADE) model to illustrate how affective evaluations can play a critical role in driving early use of cigarettes, as well as the adaptive function of the resulting experiential learning in informing future affect and cigarette use. We analyzed five waves of data collected from a large, diverse community sample of adolescents who were followed from early to late adolescence (N = 386; 50.9% female; Baseline age = 11.41 ± 0.88 years) during years 2004–2010 to model trajectories of positive affect and risk perceptions (associated with cigarette use) and examined the associations of these trajectories with their self-reported cigarette use and dependence symptoms. Consistent with the ADE model, early initiators reported higher levels of positive affect at baseline, which we argue may have led them to try cigarettes. Notably, most early initiators reported a decline in positive affect over time, suggesting an experience-based shift in affective evaluations associated with cigarette use. Risk perceptions associated with cigarette use did not emerge as a significant predictor of cigarette use or subsequent dependence. Therefore, for deterring adolescent cigarette use, efforts to influence affect (through graphic warning labels and other media) may be more effective than directly influencing risk perceptions. Despite the affective basis for initiating cigarette use, few adolescents engaged in early use (N = 20) or developed symptoms of dependence (N = 25). Majority of those who engaged in early cigarette use showed a decline in positive affect, with corresponding increase in risk perceptions over time. Some early users may indeed continue to engage in cigarette use, but this is likely driven by the addictive properties of the drug. Overall these findings challenge the popular stereotype of impulsive and emotionally reactive behaviors during adolescence, and suggest a more nuanced interpretation of adolescent risk behavior. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9484548/ /pubmed/36132193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887021 Text en Copyright © 2022 Khurana, Loan and Romer. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Khurana, Atika
Loan, Christopher M.
Romer, Dan
Predicting cigarette use initiation and dependence in adolescence using an affect-driven exploration model
title Predicting cigarette use initiation and dependence in adolescence using an affect-driven exploration model
title_full Predicting cigarette use initiation and dependence in adolescence using an affect-driven exploration model
title_fullStr Predicting cigarette use initiation and dependence in adolescence using an affect-driven exploration model
title_full_unstemmed Predicting cigarette use initiation and dependence in adolescence using an affect-driven exploration model
title_short Predicting cigarette use initiation and dependence in adolescence using an affect-driven exploration model
title_sort predicting cigarette use initiation and dependence in adolescence using an affect-driven exploration model
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9484548/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36132193
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887021
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