Forecasting the COVID-19 with Interval Type-3 Fuzzy Logic and the Fractal Dimension

In this article, the prediction of COVID-19 based on a combination of fractal theory and interval type-3 fuzzy logic is put forward. The fractal dimension is utilized to estimate the time series geometrical complexity level, which in this case is applied to the COVID-19 problem. The main aim of utilizing interval type-3 fuzzy logic is for handling uncertainty in the decision-making occurring in forecasting. The hybrid approach is formed by an interval type-3 fuzzy model structured by fuzzy if then rules that utilize as inputs the linear and non-linear values of the dimension, and the forecasts of COVID-19 cases are the outputs. The contribution is the new scheme based on the fractal dimension and interval type-3 fuzzy logic, which has not been proposed before, aimed at achieving an accurate forecasting of complex time series, in particular for the COVID-19 case. Publicly available data sets are utilized to construct the interval type-3 fuzzy system for a time series. The hybrid approach can be a helpful tool for decision maker in fighting the pandemic, as they could use the forecasts to decide immediate actions. The proposed method has been compared with previous works to show that interval type-3 fuzzy systems outperform previous methods in prediction.