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Selecting auditory alerting stimuli for eagles on the basis of auditory evoked potentials

Development of wind energy facilities results in interactions between wildlife and wind turbines. Raptors, including bald and golden eagles, are among the species known to incur mortality from these interactions. Several alerting technologies have been proposed to mitigate this mortality by increasi...

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Autores principales: Goller, Benjamin, Baumhardt, Patrice, Dominguez-Villegas, Ernesto, Katzner, Todd, Fernández-Juricic, Esteban, Lucas, Jeffrey R
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9486983/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36134144
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coac059
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author Goller, Benjamin
Baumhardt, Patrice
Dominguez-Villegas, Ernesto
Katzner, Todd
Fernández-Juricic, Esteban
Lucas, Jeffrey R
author_facet Goller, Benjamin
Baumhardt, Patrice
Dominguez-Villegas, Ernesto
Katzner, Todd
Fernández-Juricic, Esteban
Lucas, Jeffrey R
author_sort Goller, Benjamin
collection PubMed
description Development of wind energy facilities results in interactions between wildlife and wind turbines. Raptors, including bald and golden eagles, are among the species known to incur mortality from these interactions. Several alerting technologies have been proposed to mitigate this mortality by increasing eagle avoidance of wind energy facilities. However, there has been little attempt to match signals used as alerting stimuli with the sensory capabilities of target species like eagles. One potential approach to tuning signals is to use sensory physiology to determine what stimuli the target eagle species are sensitive to even in the presence of background noise, thereby allowing the development of a maximally stimulating signal. To this end, we measured auditory evoked potentials of bald and golden eagles to determine what types of sounds eagles can process well, especially in noisy conditions. We found that golden eagles are significantly worse than bald eagles at processing rapid frequency changes in sounds, but also that noise effects on hearing in both species are minimal in response to rapidly changing sounds. Our findings therefore suggest that sounds of intermediate complexity may be ideal both for targeting bald and golden eagle hearing and for ensuring high stimulation in noisy field conditions. These results suggest that the sensory physiology of target species is likely an important consideration when selecting auditory alerting sounds and may provide important insight into what sounds have a reasonable probability of success in field applications under variable conditions and background noise.
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spelling pubmed-94869832022-09-20 Selecting auditory alerting stimuli for eagles on the basis of auditory evoked potentials Goller, Benjamin Baumhardt, Patrice Dominguez-Villegas, Ernesto Katzner, Todd Fernández-Juricic, Esteban Lucas, Jeffrey R Conserv Physiol Research Article Development of wind energy facilities results in interactions between wildlife and wind turbines. Raptors, including bald and golden eagles, are among the species known to incur mortality from these interactions. Several alerting technologies have been proposed to mitigate this mortality by increasing eagle avoidance of wind energy facilities. However, there has been little attempt to match signals used as alerting stimuli with the sensory capabilities of target species like eagles. One potential approach to tuning signals is to use sensory physiology to determine what stimuli the target eagle species are sensitive to even in the presence of background noise, thereby allowing the development of a maximally stimulating signal. To this end, we measured auditory evoked potentials of bald and golden eagles to determine what types of sounds eagles can process well, especially in noisy conditions. We found that golden eagles are significantly worse than bald eagles at processing rapid frequency changes in sounds, but also that noise effects on hearing in both species are minimal in response to rapidly changing sounds. Our findings therefore suggest that sounds of intermediate complexity may be ideal both for targeting bald and golden eagle hearing and for ensuring high stimulation in noisy field conditions. These results suggest that the sensory physiology of target species is likely an important consideration when selecting auditory alerting sounds and may provide important insight into what sounds have a reasonable probability of success in field applications under variable conditions and background noise. Oxford University Press 2022-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9486983/ /pubmed/36134144 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coac059 Text en © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press and the Society for Experimental Biology. Elements of the work have been written by employees of the US Government https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Goller, Benjamin
Baumhardt, Patrice
Dominguez-Villegas, Ernesto
Katzner, Todd
Fernández-Juricic, Esteban
Lucas, Jeffrey R
Selecting auditory alerting stimuli for eagles on the basis of auditory evoked potentials
title Selecting auditory alerting stimuli for eagles on the basis of auditory evoked potentials
title_full Selecting auditory alerting stimuli for eagles on the basis of auditory evoked potentials
title_fullStr Selecting auditory alerting stimuli for eagles on the basis of auditory evoked potentials
title_full_unstemmed Selecting auditory alerting stimuli for eagles on the basis of auditory evoked potentials
title_short Selecting auditory alerting stimuli for eagles on the basis of auditory evoked potentials
title_sort selecting auditory alerting stimuli for eagles on the basis of auditory evoked potentials
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9486983/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36134144
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coac059
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