Prognostic Factors of Recurrence and Survival in Operated Patients with Colorectal Cancer

BACKGROUND: The recurrence of colorectal cancers is considered to be one of the greatest post-surgical complications that is affected by various factors. This study was designed to investigate the prognostic factors that affect the recurrence and survival of patients with colon and rectal cancers. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 380 patients with colorectal cancers who underwent surgery were enrolled in the study (152 patients with colon cancer and 228 patients with rectal cancer). Preoperative serum albumin level, type of surgery, tumor size, differentiation grade, proximal, distal and radial, and marginal involvement, the total number of excised lymph nodes, the number of involved lymph nodes, and tumor stage were recorded. Also, the incidences of recurrence and metastasis were recorded during the study. RESULTS: 380 patients with a mean age of 57.11 years were enrolled in the study. 152 patients with an average age of 57.57 years were diagnosed as having colon cancer. Recurrence and metastasis occurred in two patients (1.3%) and five patients (3.3%), respectively. 18 patients (11.8%) died because of colon cancer. 228 patients with a mean age of 56.81 had rectal cancer. Recurrence was seen in 19 patients (8.3%) and metastasis in 33 patients (14.5%). 38 patients (16.7%) died because of rectal cancer. Tumor size and involved lymph nodes were independent prognostic factors for the recurrence and metastases of colon cancer. Only involved lymph nodes were associated with death due to colon cancer. Independent prognostic factors for rectal cancer metastasis include serum albumin level and age. The total number of excised lymph nodes was the only predictor of tumor recurrence and death in rectal cancer. The median survival times of colon and rectal cancers were 90 and 110 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: The size of the tumor and the number of involved lymph nodes were independent prognostic factors for recurrence and metastasis of colon cancer. Also, the number of involved lymph nodes was associated with colon cancer-related deaths. In the case of rectal cancer, serum albumin levels and age predicted metastases. Only the total number of excised lymph nodes had a reverse relationship with recurrence and rectal cancer-related death.