Women and vaccinations: From smallpox to the future, a tribute to a partnership benefiting humanity for over 200 years

Vaccines were first developed in England over 200 years ago and have made a significant positive impact on human society since. Not often realised is the intimate relationship shared between vaccines and women. Women were key to the initial development of vaccines; some were even advocating the concept of protection against infectious disease through prior asymptomatic infection (by variolation) before the publication of the report of the first successful smallpox vaccination in 1798. Since that milestone, women have been important partners in the development of vaccines and advocates for their widespread introduction. Modern vaccine development would not be possible without the altruistic informed consent granted by many women for the participation of themselves or their children in vaccine clinical trials all over the world. Vaccines have rewarded women handsomely in return. Individual women benefit in many ways ranging from safer pregnancies to preventing cancers to attractive, unblemished skin. Some vaccines are even specifically designed to prevent diseases primarily affecting women such as cervical cancer. Vaccines also have offered societal benefits to women. These include better maternal health and fostering an environment more amenable to effective family planning. With these advances, women become more empowered and have access to better economic opportunities. The challenge of meeting the millennium development goals specifically targeted for women will be facilitated by vaccines. A better realisation by women of the benefits of this partnership secured over the past 200 years will enable them to reap fully the rewards of the future.