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GPC1 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Treg Infiltration in Colon Adenocarcinoma
Glypican-1 (GPC1) is a glycosylated protein recognized as a promising biomarker for cancer. Nonetheless, there have been few systematic studies on GPC1 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). We conducted bioinformatic analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and used clinical samples to verify that...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9492339/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36158119 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8209700 |
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author | Liu, Ying Ren, Hui Yang, Mu-qing Li, Ji-yu |
author_facet | Liu, Ying Ren, Hui Yang, Mu-qing Li, Ji-yu |
author_sort | Liu, Ying |
collection | PubMed |
description | Glypican-1 (GPC1) is a glycosylated protein recognized as a promising biomarker for cancer. Nonetheless, there have been few systematic studies on GPC1 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). We conducted bioinformatic analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and used clinical samples to verify that GPC1 is overexpressed in colon adenocarcinoma. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher GPC1 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS). The Cox regression model further showed that GPC1 expression is an independent negative prognostic factor for COAD. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that multiple oncogenic signaling pathways were differentially enriched in GPC1 high- versus low-expressing COAD tumors, including DNA methylation, G2/M damage checkpoint, and telomere dysfunction. We observed a positive correlation between GPC1 expression and immune cell infiltration, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), macrophages, and mast cells, and immunohistochemistry of 50 COAD tissues revealed that GPC1 expression was positively associated with Treg enrichment. Our results provide a promising candidate gene to predict the prognosis of COAD and new insights into tumor immunity. Further research is required to validate these results. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9492339 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94923392022-09-22 GPC1 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Treg Infiltration in Colon Adenocarcinoma Liu, Ying Ren, Hui Yang, Mu-qing Li, Ji-yu Comput Math Methods Med Research Article Glypican-1 (GPC1) is a glycosylated protein recognized as a promising biomarker for cancer. Nonetheless, there have been few systematic studies on GPC1 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). We conducted bioinformatic analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and used clinical samples to verify that GPC1 is overexpressed in colon adenocarcinoma. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher GPC1 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS). The Cox regression model further showed that GPC1 expression is an independent negative prognostic factor for COAD. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that multiple oncogenic signaling pathways were differentially enriched in GPC1 high- versus low-expressing COAD tumors, including DNA methylation, G2/M damage checkpoint, and telomere dysfunction. We observed a positive correlation between GPC1 expression and immune cell infiltration, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), macrophages, and mast cells, and immunohistochemistry of 50 COAD tissues revealed that GPC1 expression was positively associated with Treg enrichment. Our results provide a promising candidate gene to predict the prognosis of COAD and new insights into tumor immunity. Further research is required to validate these results. Hindawi 2022-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9492339/ /pubmed/36158119 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8209700 Text en Copyright © 2022 Ying Liu et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Liu, Ying Ren, Hui Yang, Mu-qing Li, Ji-yu GPC1 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Treg Infiltration in Colon Adenocarcinoma |
title | GPC1 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Treg Infiltration in Colon Adenocarcinoma |
title_full | GPC1 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Treg Infiltration in Colon Adenocarcinoma |
title_fullStr | GPC1 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Treg Infiltration in Colon Adenocarcinoma |
title_full_unstemmed | GPC1 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Treg Infiltration in Colon Adenocarcinoma |
title_short | GPC1 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Treg Infiltration in Colon Adenocarcinoma |
title_sort | gpc1 is associated with poor prognosis and treg infiltration in colon adenocarcinoma |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9492339/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36158119 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8209700 |
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