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Biomimetic, mussel-inspired surface modification of 3D-printed biodegradable polylactic acid scaffolds with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering
Polylactic acid (PLA) has been widely used as filaments for material extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) to develop patient-specific scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite (HA), a major component of natural bone, has been extensively recognized as an osteoconductive biomolecule. Here...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9493000/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36159699 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.989729 |
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author | Chi, Minghan Li, Na Cui, Junkui Karlin, Sabrina Rohr, Nadja Sharma, Neha Thieringer, Florian M. |
author_facet | Chi, Minghan Li, Na Cui, Junkui Karlin, Sabrina Rohr, Nadja Sharma, Neha Thieringer, Florian M. |
author_sort | Chi, Minghan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Polylactic acid (PLA) has been widely used as filaments for material extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) to develop patient-specific scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite (HA), a major component of natural bone, has been extensively recognized as an osteoconductive biomolecule. Here, inspired by the mussel-adhesive phenomenon, in this study, polydopamine (PDA) coating was applied to the surface of 3D printed PLA scaffolds (PLA@PDA), acting as a versatile adhesive platform for immobilizing HA nanoparticles (nHA). Comprehensive analyses were performed to understand the physicochemical properties of the 3D-printed PLA scaffold functionalized with nHA and PDA for their potent clinical application as a bone regenerative substitute. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and element dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed a successful loading of nHA particles on the surface of PLA@PDA after 3 and 7 days of coating (PLA@PDA-HA3 and PLA@PDA-HA7), while the surface micromorphology and porosity remain unchanged after surface modification. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that 7.7 % and 12.3% mass ratio of nHA were loaded on the PLA scaffold surface, respectively. The wettability test indicated that the hydrophilicity of nHA-coated scaffolds was greatly enhanced, while the mechanical properties remained uncompromised. The 3D laser scanning confocal microscope (3DLS) images revealed that the surface roughness was significantly increased, reaching Sa (arithmetic mean height) of 0.402 μm in PLA@PDA-HA7. Twenty-eight days of in-vitro degradation results showed that the introduction of nHA to the PLA surface enhances its degradation properties, as evidenced by the SEM images and weight loss test. Furthermore, a sustainable release of Ca(2+) from PLA@PDA-HA3 and PLA@PDA-HA7 was recorded, during the degradation process. In contrast, the released hydroxyl group of nHA tends to neutralize the local acidic environments, which was more conducive to osteoblastic differentiation and extracellular mineralization. Taken together, this facile surface modification provides 3D printed PLA scaffolds with effective bone regenerative properties by depositing Ca(2+) contents, improving surface hydrophilicity, and enhancing the in-vitro degradation rate. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9493000 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94930002022-09-23 Biomimetic, mussel-inspired surface modification of 3D-printed biodegradable polylactic acid scaffolds with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering Chi, Minghan Li, Na Cui, Junkui Karlin, Sabrina Rohr, Nadja Sharma, Neha Thieringer, Florian M. Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology Polylactic acid (PLA) has been widely used as filaments for material extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) to develop patient-specific scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite (HA), a major component of natural bone, has been extensively recognized as an osteoconductive biomolecule. Here, inspired by the mussel-adhesive phenomenon, in this study, polydopamine (PDA) coating was applied to the surface of 3D printed PLA scaffolds (PLA@PDA), acting as a versatile adhesive platform for immobilizing HA nanoparticles (nHA). Comprehensive analyses were performed to understand the physicochemical properties of the 3D-printed PLA scaffold functionalized with nHA and PDA for their potent clinical application as a bone regenerative substitute. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and element dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed a successful loading of nHA particles on the surface of PLA@PDA after 3 and 7 days of coating (PLA@PDA-HA3 and PLA@PDA-HA7), while the surface micromorphology and porosity remain unchanged after surface modification. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that 7.7 % and 12.3% mass ratio of nHA were loaded on the PLA scaffold surface, respectively. The wettability test indicated that the hydrophilicity of nHA-coated scaffolds was greatly enhanced, while the mechanical properties remained uncompromised. The 3D laser scanning confocal microscope (3DLS) images revealed that the surface roughness was significantly increased, reaching Sa (arithmetic mean height) of 0.402 μm in PLA@PDA-HA7. Twenty-eight days of in-vitro degradation results showed that the introduction of nHA to the PLA surface enhances its degradation properties, as evidenced by the SEM images and weight loss test. Furthermore, a sustainable release of Ca(2+) from PLA@PDA-HA3 and PLA@PDA-HA7 was recorded, during the degradation process. In contrast, the released hydroxyl group of nHA tends to neutralize the local acidic environments, which was more conducive to osteoblastic differentiation and extracellular mineralization. Taken together, this facile surface modification provides 3D printed PLA scaffolds with effective bone regenerative properties by depositing Ca(2+) contents, improving surface hydrophilicity, and enhancing the in-vitro degradation rate. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9493000/ /pubmed/36159699 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.989729 Text en Copyright © 2022 Chi, Li, Cui, Karlin, Rohr, Sharma and Thieringer. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Bioengineering and Biotechnology Chi, Minghan Li, Na Cui, Junkui Karlin, Sabrina Rohr, Nadja Sharma, Neha Thieringer, Florian M. Biomimetic, mussel-inspired surface modification of 3D-printed biodegradable polylactic acid scaffolds with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering |
title | Biomimetic, mussel-inspired surface modification of 3D-printed biodegradable polylactic acid scaffolds with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering |
title_full | Biomimetic, mussel-inspired surface modification of 3D-printed biodegradable polylactic acid scaffolds with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering |
title_fullStr | Biomimetic, mussel-inspired surface modification of 3D-printed biodegradable polylactic acid scaffolds with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering |
title_full_unstemmed | Biomimetic, mussel-inspired surface modification of 3D-printed biodegradable polylactic acid scaffolds with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering |
title_short | Biomimetic, mussel-inspired surface modification of 3D-printed biodegradable polylactic acid scaffolds with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering |
title_sort | biomimetic, mussel-inspired surface modification of 3d-printed biodegradable polylactic acid scaffolds with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering |
topic | Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9493000/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36159699 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.989729 |
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