Active Dry Yeast and Thiamine in Synergistic Mode Can Mitigate Adverse Effects of In Vitro Ruminal Acidosis Model of Goats

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a most prevalent metabolic disorder of ruminants which poses a great threat to the health and wellbeing of animals. The purpose of this research was to induce SARA in in vitro conditions and to determine the potential of active dry yeast (ADT) and thiamine synergistically in mitigating the adverse effects of SARA. Both the supplements ADY and thiamine synergistically enhanced the ruminal pH, decreased the abundance of negative rumen bacteria and increased the abundance of useful rumen bacteria and protozoa. It was concluded that the combined use of ADY and thiamine as a supplement could mitigate SARA. SARA not only damages the health of the animals but also has detrimental effects on the economic conditions of the farmers. Therefore, this research could be beneficial for society. ABSTRACT: Ruminal acidosis is a type of metabolic disorder of high-yielding ruminants which is associated with the consumption of a high-grain diet. It not only harms the productive efficiency, health and wellbeing of the animals but also has detrimental effects on the economy of the farmers. Various strategies have been adapted to control ruminal acidosis. However, none of them have produced the desired results. This research was carried out to investigate the potential of active dry yeast (ADY) and thiamine in a synergistic mode to mitigate in vitro-induced ruminal acidosis. The purpose of this study was to determine how active dry yeast alone and in combination with thiamine affected the ruminal pH, lactate, volatile fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and microbial community in in vitro-induced ruminal acidosis. The experiment comprises three treatment groups, (1) SARA/control, (2) ADY and (3) ADYT (ADY + thiamine). In vitro batch fermentation was conducted for 24 h. The results indicated that ruminal induced successfully and both additives improved the final pH (p < 0.01) and decreased the LPS and lactate (p < 0.01) level as compared to the SARA group. However, the ADYT group decreased the level of lactate below 0.5 mmol/L. Concomitant to fermentation indicators, both the treatment groups decreased (p < 0.05) the abundance of lactate-producing bacteria while enhancing (p < 0.01) the abundance of lactate-utilizing bacteria. However, ADYT also increased (p < 0.05) the abundance of protozoa compared to the SARA and ADY group. Therefore, it can be concluded that ADY and thiamine in synergistic mode could be a better strategy in combating the adverse effects of subacute ruminal acidosis.