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Mixing Propolis from Different Apiaries and Harvesting Years: Towards Propolis Standardization?
Global demand for safe, effective and natural products has been increasing in parallel with consumers’ concerns about personal and environmental health. Propolis, a traditional and potentially medicinal product with several health benefits, is a beehive product with a worldwide reputation. However,...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9495078/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36139960 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091181 |
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author | Peixoto, Marta Freitas, Ana Sofia Cunha, Ana Oliveira, Rui Almeida-Aguiar, Cristina |
author_facet | Peixoto, Marta Freitas, Ana Sofia Cunha, Ana Oliveira, Rui Almeida-Aguiar, Cristina |
author_sort | Peixoto, Marta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Global demand for safe, effective and natural products has been increasing in parallel with consumers’ concerns about personal and environmental health. Propolis, a traditional and potentially medicinal product with several health benefits, is a beehive product with a worldwide reputation. However, despite the bioactivities reported, the low productivity and high chemical heterogeneity have been extensively hampering broader industrial uses. To assist in overcoming some of these problems, we prepared and characterized mixtures of ethanol extracts of a heterogeneous propolis sample (Pereiro) collected over a five-year period (2011–2015) and, additionally, we mixed two different propolis samples from distinct regions of Portugal (Pereiro and Gerês), also harvested at different times. An investigation of the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, as well as characterization of the chemical composition of the eleven propolis blends were performed in this work. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of such blends of propolis samples, either from different localities and/or different years, were maintained, or even enhanced, when a comparison of the individual extracts was conducted. The differences in the chemical composition of the original propolis samples were also diluted in the mixtures. The results reemphasize the great potential of propolis and suggest that mixing different samples, regardless of provenance or harvesting date, can contribute to propolis standardization while simultaneously increasing its availability and adding value to this beehive byproduct. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9495078 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94950782022-09-23 Mixing Propolis from Different Apiaries and Harvesting Years: Towards Propolis Standardization? Peixoto, Marta Freitas, Ana Sofia Cunha, Ana Oliveira, Rui Almeida-Aguiar, Cristina Antibiotics (Basel) Article Global demand for safe, effective and natural products has been increasing in parallel with consumers’ concerns about personal and environmental health. Propolis, a traditional and potentially medicinal product with several health benefits, is a beehive product with a worldwide reputation. However, despite the bioactivities reported, the low productivity and high chemical heterogeneity have been extensively hampering broader industrial uses. To assist in overcoming some of these problems, we prepared and characterized mixtures of ethanol extracts of a heterogeneous propolis sample (Pereiro) collected over a five-year period (2011–2015) and, additionally, we mixed two different propolis samples from distinct regions of Portugal (Pereiro and Gerês), also harvested at different times. An investigation of the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, as well as characterization of the chemical composition of the eleven propolis blends were performed in this work. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of such blends of propolis samples, either from different localities and/or different years, were maintained, or even enhanced, when a comparison of the individual extracts was conducted. The differences in the chemical composition of the original propolis samples were also diluted in the mixtures. The results reemphasize the great potential of propolis and suggest that mixing different samples, regardless of provenance or harvesting date, can contribute to propolis standardization while simultaneously increasing its availability and adding value to this beehive byproduct. MDPI 2022-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9495078/ /pubmed/36139960 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091181 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Peixoto, Marta Freitas, Ana Sofia Cunha, Ana Oliveira, Rui Almeida-Aguiar, Cristina Mixing Propolis from Different Apiaries and Harvesting Years: Towards Propolis Standardization? |
title | Mixing Propolis from Different Apiaries and Harvesting Years: Towards Propolis Standardization? |
title_full | Mixing Propolis from Different Apiaries and Harvesting Years: Towards Propolis Standardization? |
title_fullStr | Mixing Propolis from Different Apiaries and Harvesting Years: Towards Propolis Standardization? |
title_full_unstemmed | Mixing Propolis from Different Apiaries and Harvesting Years: Towards Propolis Standardization? |
title_short | Mixing Propolis from Different Apiaries and Harvesting Years: Towards Propolis Standardization? |
title_sort | mixing propolis from different apiaries and harvesting years: towards propolis standardization? |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9495078/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36139960 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091181 |
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