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Mild Positive Pressure Improves the Efficacy of Benzalkonium Chloride against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm

Current protocols using liquid disinfectants to disinfect heat-sensitive hospital items frequently fail, as evidenced by the continued isolation of bacteria following decontamination. The contamination is, in part, due to biofilm formation. We hypothesize that mild positive pressure (PP) will disrup...

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Autores principales: Tahir, Shamaila, Emanuel, Sarah, Inglis, David W., Vickery, Karen, Deva, Anand K., Hu, Honghua
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9495741/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36135007
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090461
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author Tahir, Shamaila
Emanuel, Sarah
Inglis, David W.
Vickery, Karen
Deva, Anand K.
Hu, Honghua
author_facet Tahir, Shamaila
Emanuel, Sarah
Inglis, David W.
Vickery, Karen
Deva, Anand K.
Hu, Honghua
author_sort Tahir, Shamaila
collection PubMed
description Current protocols using liquid disinfectants to disinfect heat-sensitive hospital items frequently fail, as evidenced by the continued isolation of bacteria following decontamination. The contamination is, in part, due to biofilm formation. We hypothesize that mild positive pressure (PP) will disrupt this biofilm structure and improve liquid disinfectant/detergent penetration to biofilm bacteria for improved killing. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm, grown on polycarbonate coupons in the biofilm reactor under shear at 35 °C for 3 days, was treated for 10 min and 60 min with various dilutions of benzalkonium chloride without PP at 1 atmosphere (atm), and with PP at 3, 5, 7, and 10 atm. The effect on biofilm and residual bacterial viability was determined by standard plate counts, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Combined use of benzalkonium chloride and PP up to 10 atm significantly increased biofilm killing up to 4.27 logs, as compared to the treatment using disinfectant alone. Microscopy results were consistent with the viability plate count results. PP improved disinfectant efficacy against bacterial biofilm. The use of mild PP is possible in many flow situations or if equipment/contaminated surfaces can be placed in a pressure chamber.
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spelling pubmed-94957412022-09-23 Mild Positive Pressure Improves the Efficacy of Benzalkonium Chloride against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Tahir, Shamaila Emanuel, Sarah Inglis, David W. Vickery, Karen Deva, Anand K. Hu, Honghua Bioengineering (Basel) Article Current protocols using liquid disinfectants to disinfect heat-sensitive hospital items frequently fail, as evidenced by the continued isolation of bacteria following decontamination. The contamination is, in part, due to biofilm formation. We hypothesize that mild positive pressure (PP) will disrupt this biofilm structure and improve liquid disinfectant/detergent penetration to biofilm bacteria for improved killing. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm, grown on polycarbonate coupons in the biofilm reactor under shear at 35 °C for 3 days, was treated for 10 min and 60 min with various dilutions of benzalkonium chloride without PP at 1 atmosphere (atm), and with PP at 3, 5, 7, and 10 atm. The effect on biofilm and residual bacterial viability was determined by standard plate counts, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Combined use of benzalkonium chloride and PP up to 10 atm significantly increased biofilm killing up to 4.27 logs, as compared to the treatment using disinfectant alone. Microscopy results were consistent with the viability plate count results. PP improved disinfectant efficacy against bacterial biofilm. The use of mild PP is possible in many flow situations or if equipment/contaminated surfaces can be placed in a pressure chamber. MDPI 2022-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9495741/ /pubmed/36135007 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090461 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Tahir, Shamaila
Emanuel, Sarah
Inglis, David W.
Vickery, Karen
Deva, Anand K.
Hu, Honghua
Mild Positive Pressure Improves the Efficacy of Benzalkonium Chloride against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm
title Mild Positive Pressure Improves the Efficacy of Benzalkonium Chloride against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm
title_full Mild Positive Pressure Improves the Efficacy of Benzalkonium Chloride against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm
title_fullStr Mild Positive Pressure Improves the Efficacy of Benzalkonium Chloride against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm
title_full_unstemmed Mild Positive Pressure Improves the Efficacy of Benzalkonium Chloride against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm
title_short Mild Positive Pressure Improves the Efficacy of Benzalkonium Chloride against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm
title_sort mild positive pressure improves the efficacy of benzalkonium chloride against staphylococcus aureus biofilm
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9495741/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36135007
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090461
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