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Nanocarrier System: State-of-the-Art in Oral Delivery of Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-diketo-β-β carotene), which belongs to the xanthophyll class, has shown potential biological activity in in vitro and in vivo models including as a potent antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation and cardiovascular disease prevention agent. It is mainly extracted from an...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9495775/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36139750 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091676 |
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author | Abdol Wahab, Nur Rafiqah Meor Mohd Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan Fakurazi, Sharida Alias, Ekram Hassan, Haniza |
author_facet | Abdol Wahab, Nur Rafiqah Meor Mohd Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan Fakurazi, Sharida Alias, Ekram Hassan, Haniza |
author_sort | Abdol Wahab, Nur Rafiqah |
collection | PubMed |
description | Astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-diketo-β-β carotene), which belongs to the xanthophyll class, has shown potential biological activity in in vitro and in vivo models including as a potent antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation and cardiovascular disease prevention agent. It is mainly extracted from an alga, Haematococcus pluvialis. As a highly lipid-soluble carotenoid, astaxanthin has been shown to have poor oral bioavailability, which limits its clinical applications. Recently, there have been several suggestions and the development of various types of nano-formulation, loaded with astaxanthin to enhance their bioavailability. The employment of nanoemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, chitosan-based and PLGA-based nanoparticles as delivery vehicles of astaxanthin for nutritional supplementation purposes has proven a higher oral bioavailability of astaxanthin. In this review, we highlight the pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetics profiles and current developments of the nano-formulations of astaxanthin for its oral delivery that are believed to be beneficial for future applications. The limitations and future recommendations are also discussed in this review. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9495775 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94957752022-09-23 Nanocarrier System: State-of-the-Art in Oral Delivery of Astaxanthin Abdol Wahab, Nur Rafiqah Meor Mohd Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan Fakurazi, Sharida Alias, Ekram Hassan, Haniza Antioxidants (Basel) Review Astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-diketo-β-β carotene), which belongs to the xanthophyll class, has shown potential biological activity in in vitro and in vivo models including as a potent antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation and cardiovascular disease prevention agent. It is mainly extracted from an alga, Haematococcus pluvialis. As a highly lipid-soluble carotenoid, astaxanthin has been shown to have poor oral bioavailability, which limits its clinical applications. Recently, there have been several suggestions and the development of various types of nano-formulation, loaded with astaxanthin to enhance their bioavailability. The employment of nanoemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, chitosan-based and PLGA-based nanoparticles as delivery vehicles of astaxanthin for nutritional supplementation purposes has proven a higher oral bioavailability of astaxanthin. In this review, we highlight the pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetics profiles and current developments of the nano-formulations of astaxanthin for its oral delivery that are believed to be beneficial for future applications. The limitations and future recommendations are also discussed in this review. MDPI 2022-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9495775/ /pubmed/36139750 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091676 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Abdol Wahab, Nur Rafiqah Meor Mohd Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan Fakurazi, Sharida Alias, Ekram Hassan, Haniza Nanocarrier System: State-of-the-Art in Oral Delivery of Astaxanthin |
title | Nanocarrier System: State-of-the-Art in Oral Delivery of Astaxanthin |
title_full | Nanocarrier System: State-of-the-Art in Oral Delivery of Astaxanthin |
title_fullStr | Nanocarrier System: State-of-the-Art in Oral Delivery of Astaxanthin |
title_full_unstemmed | Nanocarrier System: State-of-the-Art in Oral Delivery of Astaxanthin |
title_short | Nanocarrier System: State-of-the-Art in Oral Delivery of Astaxanthin |
title_sort | nanocarrier system: state-of-the-art in oral delivery of astaxanthin |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9495775/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36139750 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091676 |
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