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Engineering Smooth Muscle to Understand Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Vascular Disease

The vascular smooth muscle is vital for regulating blood pressure and maintaining cardiovascular health, and the resident smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in blood vessel walls rely on specific mechanical and biochemical signals to carry out these functions. Any slight change in their surrounding environm...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Yarbrough, Danielle, Gerecht, Sharon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9495899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36134994
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090449
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author Yarbrough, Danielle
Gerecht, Sharon
author_facet Yarbrough, Danielle
Gerecht, Sharon
author_sort Yarbrough, Danielle
collection PubMed
description The vascular smooth muscle is vital for regulating blood pressure and maintaining cardiovascular health, and the resident smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in blood vessel walls rely on specific mechanical and biochemical signals to carry out these functions. Any slight change in their surrounding environment causes swift changes in their phenotype and secretory profile, leading to changes in the structure and functionality of vessel walls that cause pathological conditions. To adequately treat vascular diseases, it is essential to understand how SMCs crosstalk with their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we summarize in vivo and traditional in vitro studies of pathological vessel wall remodeling due to the SMC phenotype and, conversely, the SMC behavior in response to key ECM properties. We then analyze how three-dimensional tissue engineering approaches provide opportunities to model SMCs’ response to specific stimuli in the human body. Additionally, we review how applying biomechanical forces and biochemical stimulation, such as pulsatile fluid flow and secreted factors from other cell types, allows us to study disease mechanisms. Overall, we propose that in vitro tissue engineering of human vascular smooth muscle can facilitate a better understanding of relevant cardiovascular diseases using high throughput experiments, thus potentially leading to therapeutics or treatments to be tested in the future.
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spelling pubmed-94958992022-09-23 Engineering Smooth Muscle to Understand Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Vascular Disease Yarbrough, Danielle Gerecht, Sharon Bioengineering (Basel) Review The vascular smooth muscle is vital for regulating blood pressure and maintaining cardiovascular health, and the resident smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in blood vessel walls rely on specific mechanical and biochemical signals to carry out these functions. Any slight change in their surrounding environment causes swift changes in their phenotype and secretory profile, leading to changes in the structure and functionality of vessel walls that cause pathological conditions. To adequately treat vascular diseases, it is essential to understand how SMCs crosstalk with their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we summarize in vivo and traditional in vitro studies of pathological vessel wall remodeling due to the SMC phenotype and, conversely, the SMC behavior in response to key ECM properties. We then analyze how three-dimensional tissue engineering approaches provide opportunities to model SMCs’ response to specific stimuli in the human body. Additionally, we review how applying biomechanical forces and biochemical stimulation, such as pulsatile fluid flow and secreted factors from other cell types, allows us to study disease mechanisms. Overall, we propose that in vitro tissue engineering of human vascular smooth muscle can facilitate a better understanding of relevant cardiovascular diseases using high throughput experiments, thus potentially leading to therapeutics or treatments to be tested in the future. MDPI 2022-09-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9495899/ /pubmed/36134994 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090449 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Yarbrough, Danielle
Gerecht, Sharon
Engineering Smooth Muscle to Understand Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Vascular Disease
title Engineering Smooth Muscle to Understand Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Vascular Disease
title_full Engineering Smooth Muscle to Understand Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Vascular Disease
title_fullStr Engineering Smooth Muscle to Understand Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Vascular Disease
title_full_unstemmed Engineering Smooth Muscle to Understand Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Vascular Disease
title_short Engineering Smooth Muscle to Understand Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Vascular Disease
title_sort engineering smooth muscle to understand extracellular matrix remodeling and vascular disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9495899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36134994
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090449
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