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Multilayer Electrospun-Aligned Fibroin/Gelatin Implant for Annulus Fibrosus Repair: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation
Annulus fibrosus (AF) damage is proven to prompt intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, and unrepaired AF lesions after surgical discectomy may boost herniation of the nucleus pulposus (NP) which may lead to further compression of neural structures. Moreover, vascular and neural ingrowth may occur...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9495938/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36140208 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092107 |
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author | Hu, Ming-Hsiao Yang, Kai-Chiang Chen, Chih-Wei Chu, Po-Han Chang, Yun-Liang Sun, Yuan-Hui Lin, Feng-Huei Yang, Shu-Hua |
author_facet | Hu, Ming-Hsiao Yang, Kai-Chiang Chen, Chih-Wei Chu, Po-Han Chang, Yun-Liang Sun, Yuan-Hui Lin, Feng-Huei Yang, Shu-Hua |
author_sort | Hu, Ming-Hsiao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Annulus fibrosus (AF) damage is proven to prompt intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, and unrepaired AF lesions after surgical discectomy may boost herniation of the nucleus pulposus (NP) which may lead to further compression of neural structures. Moreover, vascular and neural ingrowth may occur within the defect which is known as a possible reason for discogenic pain. Due to a limited healing capacity, an effective strategy to repair and close the AF defect is necessary. In this study, using electrospinning technology, two nature polymers, silk fibroin and gelatin, were linked to imitate the unique lamellae structure of native AF. Our findings revealed that a multilayer electrospun-aligned fibroin/gelatin scaffold with mechanical and morphological properties mimicking those of native AF lamellae have been developed. The average diameter of the nanofiber is 162.9 ± 38.8 nm. The young’s modulus is around 6.70 MPa with an ultimate tensile strength of around 1.81 MP along preferred orientation. The in vitro test confirmed its biocompatibility and ability to maintain cell viability and colonization. Using a porcine model, we demonstrated that the multilayer-aligned scaffold offered a crucial microenvironment to induce collagen fibrous tissue production within native AF defect. In the implant-repaired AF, H&E staining showed homogeneous fibroblast-like cell infiltration at the repaired defect with very little vascular ingrowth, which was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging findings. Picrosirius red staining and immunohistochemical staining against type I collagen revealed positively stained fibrous tissue in an aligned pattern within the implant-integrated site. Relative to the intact control group, the disc height index of the serial X-ray decreased significantly in both the injury control and implant group at 4 weeks and 8 weeks (p < 0.05) which indicated this scaffold may not reverse the degenerative process. However, the results of the discography showed that the effectiveness of annulus repair of the implant group is much superior to that of the untreated group. The scaffold, composed with nature fibroin/gelatin polymers, could potentially enhance AF healing that could prevent IVD recurrent herniation, as well as neural and neovascular ingrowth after discectomy surgeries. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9495938 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94959382022-09-23 Multilayer Electrospun-Aligned Fibroin/Gelatin Implant for Annulus Fibrosus Repair: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation Hu, Ming-Hsiao Yang, Kai-Chiang Chen, Chih-Wei Chu, Po-Han Chang, Yun-Liang Sun, Yuan-Hui Lin, Feng-Huei Yang, Shu-Hua Biomedicines Article Annulus fibrosus (AF) damage is proven to prompt intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, and unrepaired AF lesions after surgical discectomy may boost herniation of the nucleus pulposus (NP) which may lead to further compression of neural structures. Moreover, vascular and neural ingrowth may occur within the defect which is known as a possible reason for discogenic pain. Due to a limited healing capacity, an effective strategy to repair and close the AF defect is necessary. In this study, using electrospinning technology, two nature polymers, silk fibroin and gelatin, were linked to imitate the unique lamellae structure of native AF. Our findings revealed that a multilayer electrospun-aligned fibroin/gelatin scaffold with mechanical and morphological properties mimicking those of native AF lamellae have been developed. The average diameter of the nanofiber is 162.9 ± 38.8 nm. The young’s modulus is around 6.70 MPa with an ultimate tensile strength of around 1.81 MP along preferred orientation. The in vitro test confirmed its biocompatibility and ability to maintain cell viability and colonization. Using a porcine model, we demonstrated that the multilayer-aligned scaffold offered a crucial microenvironment to induce collagen fibrous tissue production within native AF defect. In the implant-repaired AF, H&E staining showed homogeneous fibroblast-like cell infiltration at the repaired defect with very little vascular ingrowth, which was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging findings. Picrosirius red staining and immunohistochemical staining against type I collagen revealed positively stained fibrous tissue in an aligned pattern within the implant-integrated site. Relative to the intact control group, the disc height index of the serial X-ray decreased significantly in both the injury control and implant group at 4 weeks and 8 weeks (p < 0.05) which indicated this scaffold may not reverse the degenerative process. However, the results of the discography showed that the effectiveness of annulus repair of the implant group is much superior to that of the untreated group. The scaffold, composed with nature fibroin/gelatin polymers, could potentially enhance AF healing that could prevent IVD recurrent herniation, as well as neural and neovascular ingrowth after discectomy surgeries. MDPI 2022-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9495938/ /pubmed/36140208 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092107 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hu, Ming-Hsiao Yang, Kai-Chiang Chen, Chih-Wei Chu, Po-Han Chang, Yun-Liang Sun, Yuan-Hui Lin, Feng-Huei Yang, Shu-Hua Multilayer Electrospun-Aligned Fibroin/Gelatin Implant for Annulus Fibrosus Repair: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation |
title | Multilayer Electrospun-Aligned Fibroin/Gelatin Implant for Annulus Fibrosus Repair: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation |
title_full | Multilayer Electrospun-Aligned Fibroin/Gelatin Implant for Annulus Fibrosus Repair: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation |
title_fullStr | Multilayer Electrospun-Aligned Fibroin/Gelatin Implant for Annulus Fibrosus Repair: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation |
title_full_unstemmed | Multilayer Electrospun-Aligned Fibroin/Gelatin Implant for Annulus Fibrosus Repair: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation |
title_short | Multilayer Electrospun-Aligned Fibroin/Gelatin Implant for Annulus Fibrosus Repair: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation |
title_sort | multilayer electrospun-aligned fibroin/gelatin implant for annulus fibrosus repair: an in vitro and in vivo evaluation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9495938/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36140208 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092107 |
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