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Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics

Cell-to-cell communication is essential for proper embryonic development and its dysfunction may lead to disease. Recent research has drawn attention to a new group of molecules called connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs). Cxs have been described for more than forty years as pivotal regulators of e...

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Autores principales: Baracaldo-Santamaría, Daniela, Corrales-Hernández, María Gabriela, Ortiz-Vergara, Maria Camila, Cormane-Alfaro, Valeria, Luque-Bernal, Ricardo-Miguel, Calderon-Ospina, Carlos-Alberto, Cediel-Becerra, Juan-Fernando
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9496069/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36140338
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092237
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author Baracaldo-Santamaría, Daniela
Corrales-Hernández, María Gabriela
Ortiz-Vergara, Maria Camila
Cormane-Alfaro, Valeria
Luque-Bernal, Ricardo-Miguel
Calderon-Ospina, Carlos-Alberto
Cediel-Becerra, Juan-Fernando
author_facet Baracaldo-Santamaría, Daniela
Corrales-Hernández, María Gabriela
Ortiz-Vergara, Maria Camila
Cormane-Alfaro, Valeria
Luque-Bernal, Ricardo-Miguel
Calderon-Ospina, Carlos-Alberto
Cediel-Becerra, Juan-Fernando
author_sort Baracaldo-Santamaría, Daniela
collection PubMed
description Cell-to-cell communication is essential for proper embryonic development and its dysfunction may lead to disease. Recent research has drawn attention to a new group of molecules called connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs). Cxs have been described for more than forty years as pivotal regulators of embryogenesis; however, the exact mechanism by which they provide this regulation has not been clearly elucidated. Consequently, Cxs and Panxs have been linked to congenital neurodegenerative diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and, more recently, chronic hemichannel opening has been associated with adult neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). Cell-to-cell communication via gap junctions formed by hexameric assemblies of Cxs, known as connexons, is believed to be a crucial component in developmental regulation. As for Panxs, despite being topologically similar to Cxs, they predominantly seem to form channels connecting the cytoplasm to the extracellular space and, despite recent research into Panx1 (Pannexin 1) expression in different regions of the brain during the embryonic phase, it has been studied to a lesser degree. When it comes to the nervous system, Cxs and Panxs play an important role in early stages of neuronal development with a wide span of action ranging from cellular migration during early stages to neuronal differentiation and system circuitry formation. In this review, we describe the most recent available evidence regarding the molecular and structural aspects of Cx and Panx channels, their role in neurodevelopment, congenital and adult neurological diseases, and finally propose how pharmacological modulation of these channels could modify the pathogenesis of some diseases.
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spelling pubmed-94960692022-09-23 Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics Baracaldo-Santamaría, Daniela Corrales-Hernández, María Gabriela Ortiz-Vergara, Maria Camila Cormane-Alfaro, Valeria Luque-Bernal, Ricardo-Miguel Calderon-Ospina, Carlos-Alberto Cediel-Becerra, Juan-Fernando Biomedicines Review Cell-to-cell communication is essential for proper embryonic development and its dysfunction may lead to disease. Recent research has drawn attention to a new group of molecules called connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs). Cxs have been described for more than forty years as pivotal regulators of embryogenesis; however, the exact mechanism by which they provide this regulation has not been clearly elucidated. Consequently, Cxs and Panxs have been linked to congenital neurodegenerative diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and, more recently, chronic hemichannel opening has been associated with adult neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). Cell-to-cell communication via gap junctions formed by hexameric assemblies of Cxs, known as connexons, is believed to be a crucial component in developmental regulation. As for Panxs, despite being topologically similar to Cxs, they predominantly seem to form channels connecting the cytoplasm to the extracellular space and, despite recent research into Panx1 (Pannexin 1) expression in different regions of the brain during the embryonic phase, it has been studied to a lesser degree. When it comes to the nervous system, Cxs and Panxs play an important role in early stages of neuronal development with a wide span of action ranging from cellular migration during early stages to neuronal differentiation and system circuitry formation. In this review, we describe the most recent available evidence regarding the molecular and structural aspects of Cx and Panx channels, their role in neurodevelopment, congenital and adult neurological diseases, and finally propose how pharmacological modulation of these channels could modify the pathogenesis of some diseases. MDPI 2022-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9496069/ /pubmed/36140338 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092237 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Baracaldo-Santamaría, Daniela
Corrales-Hernández, María Gabriela
Ortiz-Vergara, Maria Camila
Cormane-Alfaro, Valeria
Luque-Bernal, Ricardo-Miguel
Calderon-Ospina, Carlos-Alberto
Cediel-Becerra, Juan-Fernando
Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics
title Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics
title_full Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics
title_fullStr Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics
title_full_unstemmed Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics
title_short Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics
title_sort connexins and pannexins: important players in neurodevelopment, neurological diseases, and potential therapeutics
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9496069/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36140338
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092237
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