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Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics
Cell-to-cell communication is essential for proper embryonic development and its dysfunction may lead to disease. Recent research has drawn attention to a new group of molecules called connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs). Cxs have been described for more than forty years as pivotal regulators of e...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9496069/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36140338 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092237 |
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author | Baracaldo-Santamaría, Daniela Corrales-Hernández, María Gabriela Ortiz-Vergara, Maria Camila Cormane-Alfaro, Valeria Luque-Bernal, Ricardo-Miguel Calderon-Ospina, Carlos-Alberto Cediel-Becerra, Juan-Fernando |
author_facet | Baracaldo-Santamaría, Daniela Corrales-Hernández, María Gabriela Ortiz-Vergara, Maria Camila Cormane-Alfaro, Valeria Luque-Bernal, Ricardo-Miguel Calderon-Ospina, Carlos-Alberto Cediel-Becerra, Juan-Fernando |
author_sort | Baracaldo-Santamaría, Daniela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cell-to-cell communication is essential for proper embryonic development and its dysfunction may lead to disease. Recent research has drawn attention to a new group of molecules called connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs). Cxs have been described for more than forty years as pivotal regulators of embryogenesis; however, the exact mechanism by which they provide this regulation has not been clearly elucidated. Consequently, Cxs and Panxs have been linked to congenital neurodegenerative diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and, more recently, chronic hemichannel opening has been associated with adult neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). Cell-to-cell communication via gap junctions formed by hexameric assemblies of Cxs, known as connexons, is believed to be a crucial component in developmental regulation. As for Panxs, despite being topologically similar to Cxs, they predominantly seem to form channels connecting the cytoplasm to the extracellular space and, despite recent research into Panx1 (Pannexin 1) expression in different regions of the brain during the embryonic phase, it has been studied to a lesser degree. When it comes to the nervous system, Cxs and Panxs play an important role in early stages of neuronal development with a wide span of action ranging from cellular migration during early stages to neuronal differentiation and system circuitry formation. In this review, we describe the most recent available evidence regarding the molecular and structural aspects of Cx and Panx channels, their role in neurodevelopment, congenital and adult neurological diseases, and finally propose how pharmacological modulation of these channels could modify the pathogenesis of some diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9496069 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94960692022-09-23 Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics Baracaldo-Santamaría, Daniela Corrales-Hernández, María Gabriela Ortiz-Vergara, Maria Camila Cormane-Alfaro, Valeria Luque-Bernal, Ricardo-Miguel Calderon-Ospina, Carlos-Alberto Cediel-Becerra, Juan-Fernando Biomedicines Review Cell-to-cell communication is essential for proper embryonic development and its dysfunction may lead to disease. Recent research has drawn attention to a new group of molecules called connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs). Cxs have been described for more than forty years as pivotal regulators of embryogenesis; however, the exact mechanism by which they provide this regulation has not been clearly elucidated. Consequently, Cxs and Panxs have been linked to congenital neurodegenerative diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and, more recently, chronic hemichannel opening has been associated with adult neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). Cell-to-cell communication via gap junctions formed by hexameric assemblies of Cxs, known as connexons, is believed to be a crucial component in developmental regulation. As for Panxs, despite being topologically similar to Cxs, they predominantly seem to form channels connecting the cytoplasm to the extracellular space and, despite recent research into Panx1 (Pannexin 1) expression in different regions of the brain during the embryonic phase, it has been studied to a lesser degree. When it comes to the nervous system, Cxs and Panxs play an important role in early stages of neuronal development with a wide span of action ranging from cellular migration during early stages to neuronal differentiation and system circuitry formation. In this review, we describe the most recent available evidence regarding the molecular and structural aspects of Cx and Panx channels, their role in neurodevelopment, congenital and adult neurological diseases, and finally propose how pharmacological modulation of these channels could modify the pathogenesis of some diseases. MDPI 2022-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9496069/ /pubmed/36140338 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092237 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Baracaldo-Santamaría, Daniela Corrales-Hernández, María Gabriela Ortiz-Vergara, Maria Camila Cormane-Alfaro, Valeria Luque-Bernal, Ricardo-Miguel Calderon-Ospina, Carlos-Alberto Cediel-Becerra, Juan-Fernando Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics |
title | Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics |
title_full | Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics |
title_fullStr | Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics |
title_full_unstemmed | Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics |
title_short | Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Neurodevelopment, Neurological Diseases, and Potential Therapeutics |
title_sort | connexins and pannexins: important players in neurodevelopment, neurological diseases, and potential therapeutics |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9496069/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36140338 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092237 |
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